Why did the national party win the election in 1948

Question 1

Three main reasons te national party won the election

Answer 1

Malan taking advantage of general white fear of black people

Impact of WW2

Growth of Afrikaner nationalism and politics after 1910

Question 2

what is nationalism

Answer 2

Believing that your nation is the best

Question 3

What is Swart gevaar

Answer 3

White peoples fear of black people

Question 4

Impact of WW2 causing national party to win

Answer 4

Economy was reliant on black people during the war and when they realised this many went on strikes for better pay. in 1946, 70,000 African mine workers struck for higher wages
There were also protests about the pass system

Question 5

Causes of WW2 and Growth of nationalism

Answer 5

WW2 was unpopular with the afrikaners. Germans supported the boers during the Boer war. The leader of nationalist party resigned from the coalition in 1939

Mass anti war movement was started. Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Guard) launched by afrikaners and collected 300,000 members. Launched terrorist attacks on the South African army

Question 6

why was nothing done about apartheid from other countries

Answer 6

Segregation on ethnicity was common in many countries at the time and continued in some countries after the war including America

Question 7

In the 1948 election how many seats did the national party win

Answer 7

79

Question 8

in the 1948 election how many seats did the united party win

Answer 8

71

Question 9

who was the leader of the united party

Answer 9

Jan Smutts

Question 10

what was the united party called until 2010

Answer 10

the South African party

Question 11

what did the united party believe in

Answer 11

tried to keep both the boers and the british happy

supported segregation but as he got older he became more liberal

believed in encouraging black people to move to urban areas and work in the mines

beloved they should have a good relationship ship with the Uk

Question 12

what did the national party believe in

Answer 12

Apartheid

opposed mixing races

opposed south African evolvement in WW2 which gained support from the Afrikaners

Question 13

how did WW2 impact employment for black people

Answer 13

the need for labour meant that many laws relating to employment of African people were relaxed

125,000 extra workers were employed in manufacturing however only 25% were white

Question 14

despite African people receiving less pay than white people, what did the white people fear

Answer 14

that there jobs would be taken once the war was over

Question 15

why did Arfikaans fear Jan Smutts

Answer 15

in a 1942 speech he said that the policy of racial segregation had been a failure for African people showing statistics of African poverty and infant mortality

Question 16

what did Afrikaans fear would happen under deputy head of united party Jan Hofmeyr

Answer 16

a more moderate race policy

Question 17

what did Hofmeyr encourage

Answer 17

the education of African people to provide a more skilled workforce and relaxed pass laws in 1942to facilitate employment in urban areas

Question 18

what efforts did the united party take to help the situation during the war

Answer 18

unemployment insurance schemes, free school meals

and in 1946 a commission to investigate the possibility of national health service with non discrimatory health care system was made although this was never taken further

Question 19

how did some Afrikaner people support during WW2

Answer 19

actively worked for a Nazi victory by broadcasting and publishing pro Nazi material

Question 20

problems with the united party

Answer 20

Jan Smuts was old and tired. heavily involved in allied leadership during the war and post war peace settlements
(many SA people felt they were out of touch with the developments of SA)

election campaign lacked lustre and didn’t have many ideas

was weak on race relations which nationalists used to exploit

Question 21

why did Afrikaners unite under the national party after WW2

Answer 21

didn’t trust English speaking parties

1938 Voortrekker monument celebrating the battle of blood river was built giving a sense of Afrikaner identity

Afrikaner finance concerns were set up to help them start their own businesses

the dutch reformed church provided schools and cultural activities to develop pride in Afrikaner identity

Question 22

what was the united parties segregation policy

Answer 22

should be an influx of African people into white areas for employment
although they should live in strictly segregated and regulated communities

Question 23

what was the national parties apartheid policy

Answer 23

separation of the races as far as possible
African people should only be allowed in SA as guest workers and otherwise be confined to reserves (plan hadn’t been thought out yet)

Question 24

what was the international response to the national party victory

Answer 24

to was muted

countries such as Britain and France still had empires where the indigenous people where viewed as subservient

South Africa was also surrounded by pliant neighbours

(however criticisms did grow over time as anticolonial movements developed

Question 25

which country first issued a complaint against apartheid

Answer 25

india as it was worried about the treatedment of the Indian people that moved there

Question 26

why wasn’t anything done in the UN about apartheid

Answer 26

USA was a very influential part and they supported South Africa as they were a reliable ally against the growth of communism

Question 27

what did the national part promote to the white workers

Answer 27

black threat \

Swart gevaar \
jobs law and order and housing

shocked by the black protests

Question 28

ossewabrandwag

Answer 28

300,000 members
terorrist group that attacked the SA Army and celebrated African culture

Question 29

1946 mine protests

Answer 29

black people realised the economy was reliant on them and 70,000 struck for higher wages

Question 30

what was the laager mentality

Answer 30

Afrikans felt resentful about being controlled by the british

they had laager mentality which means they are not willing to accept new ideas

Question 31

what was the group called broaderbond

Answer 31

organisation providing direction for Afrikaner movement

promoted that afrikaners were Volk a different kind of people from the rest of SA

these views were supported by the dutch calvinist churches