Life In South Africa c1948

Question 1

Definition of apartheid

Answer 1

Policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race

Question 2

Rainbow nation

Answer 2

A multiracial or multicultural country

Question 3

Why was South Africa’s location important

Answer 3

Near the americas
Lots of access to sea so lots of trade

Question 4

What happened in 1652

Answer 4

The first Dutch settlers landed at the cape. mainly employees for the Dutch East India Trading Company

Question 5

What happened when the first Dutch settlers landed in South Africa

Answer 5

Meet the San and the Khoi Tribes who are fearful

They fail to force local African communities to work for them

They move inland (North and west) meeting the Xhosa population and campaign against native tribes and import slaves from the east

Question 6

When did the British arrive in South Africa

Answer 6

1815 as a result of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars

Question 7

What happened to the San , Khoi and Xhosa after British invasion

Answer 7

San and Khoi had more or less been exterminated by war fare or disease

Xhosa were gradually being defeated by the British army who had more sophisticated military technology

Question 8

Why was it useful for Britain to control the cape

Answer 8

Due to their involvement in India it was useful

Question 9

Dutch reaction to British controlling the cape

Answer 9

Created tensions

Question 10

What happened in 1833

Answer 10

The British abolished slavery causing the boers and afrikaners to move north to land yet to be claimed by Europe (hinterland)
This was called the Great Trek

Question 11

what was the great trek 1838-54

Answer 11

when about 1/4 of afrikaners left the cape colony which was under British control
they then established there own independent republics in the interior of South Africa

Question 12

what two new Boer republics were created during the great trek

Answer 12

the orange free state
(South African republic) Transvaal

Question 13

what myth was developed by the boers when the moved Hinterland during the great trek

Answer 13

Land appeared largely uninhabited due to local wars or famine which the boers knew nothing of

they moved into empty land and used this to suggest that African people had no right to the land in South Africa and that africans had moved into these area roughly the same time as the boers

Question 14

what was the covenant created in 1938 used to justify the Boer possession of the land

Answer 14

when the boers encountered the Zulu nation there was conflict

on the eve of the battle of blood river against the Zulus the boers were alleged to have a covenant with God asking for victory.

this was the basis of the Boer belief that God had granted them the land of south Africa

Question 15

what caused the second Boer war

Answer 15

the discovery of diamond and gold in great quantities in Transvaal in 1867 and 1886 and this caused a gold rush

Question 16

what happened within the Boer war 1880

Answer 16

the British invaded the South African republic and the boers retaliated and were initially successful .
however the British were willing to expend men and money to achieve their goals and they won in 1902 and promised self government for the area

Question 17

what was the second Boer war 1899-1902

Answer 17

boers seeking to assert their complete independence from Britain and wished to extend its influence to gain control over the gold and diamond industries in Transvaal

Question 18

What happens in 1902

Answer 18

The Second boer war ends with the British winning and taking control
(War over diamond and gold)

Question 19

What happened in 1910

Answer 19

Britain agreed that the colony of SA be given self determination for the white population only

Question 20

what was the country created as a part of the British empire in 1910 called when the Boer war

Answer 20

the union of south Africa

Question 21

Features of being boer

Answer 21

Arrived in Cape of good hope in 1652
Interested in the goods
Worked mostly as Dutch farmers (trekboers) as the local people refused to supply them
Didn’t view or people is equal and moved further north

Question 22

Features of being British

Answer 22

Conquered the Cape in 1795 also wanted the goods
most people were involved in the British army or local politicians
Some were farmers but gave up because it was too difficult and became traders or went into the metal industry
Reformed the judicial system
Took steps to eliminate racially discriminatory features of colonial society

Question 23

What were both of the Danish and the British aims in South Africa?

Answer 23

To exploit the land for its resources

Question 24

What were some causes of the apartheid?

Answer 24

You can’t remove racism
There’s a new white party in power
Colonisation and slavery

Question 25

What caused the segregation to continue in 1948

Answer 25

White minority party Afrikaner national party came to power

Question 26

by 1948 what had happened to black people

Answer 26

they had been disposed of most their land
couldnt vote
subject to wide spread discrimination

Question 27

how were africans divided

Answer 27

they were kept as far way as possible from each other and were expected to think of themselves as either Zulu or Xhosa and not as a collective

Question 28

what other ethnic groups were the apart from the indigenous black people

Answer 28

• “coloured” people or descendent of mixed marriages who mostly lived in the cape province some could still vote
• indian people were descendants of 150,000 people imported by the British during the 19th century who had ne introduced as agricultural labourers. later went on to work as administrators and found a prosperous merchant class of traders and shop keepers. Mainly lived in Natal
• white people- compromised of Afrikaans and English speakers

Question 29

what did Afrikaans feel about the English people until 1948

Answer 29

that they dominated both economically and politically

Question 30

Why didn’t some white people like blacks to be fully segregated

Answer 30

They felt they were racially inferior however the fundamental contradiction of segregation in legislation was they needed them to do cheap labour that they don’t want to do

Therefore the 1913 native land act was passed to encourage them to leave the rural areas to work in the industry especially in mines

Question 31

When were pass laws created

Answer 31

Over the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to control the movement of African people and manage migrant labour

Question 32

What were the pass laws

Answer 32

Operated as a type of internal passport system to control where the African people could live, work and visit

Question 33

While each province has its own system of pass laws what were they formalised by

Answer 33

The abolition of passes and coordination of documents act 1952

The pass laws became the lynchpin of apartheid

Question 34

What were the voting arrangements pre 1948

Answer 34

All non white groups faced discrimination

Only some coloured peopel and whites could vote, no one else

Question 35

What were the white peoples racist views of black people

Answer 35

They were lazy and untrustworthy and dangerous

Felt they were most content in rural areas working on farms away from temptations of urban life

Question 36

What were 2 reasons for the white peoples racist views

Answer 36

Ignorance and fear of the consequences for their position and safety if black people were given economic and political rights

Need to feel reassured that separation from white people was in African peoples best interest and that they were content in a pastoral environment

Question 37

What is a pastoral environment

Answer 37

Rural life based on small scale agriculture