The Implementation Acts Post 1948

Question 1

education act

Answer 1

bantu education act (1953)

Question 2

left out

Answer 2

bantu education act (1951)

Question 3

Movement acts

Answer 3

Abolition of pass laws act (1952)

Bantu law amendment act (1952)

Question 4

Land acts

Answer 4

Group Areas act (1950)

The reservation of separate amenities Act (1953)

Native urban areas act (1954)

Question 5

Registration/identification Acts

Answer 5

Prohibition of mixed marriages act (1949)

Population registration act (1950)

Immorality amendment Act (1950)

Question 6

Definition of
Population registration act (1950)

Answer 6

Declared that the South African population has to be classified by race

Each member had to be registered in accordance to their race (Black/White/Indian/Coloured)

insisted the groups to be kept separate

later amendments to the Act in 1964+67 placed greater stress on appearance and genealogy to prevent people passing of as white

Question 7

Successes of the Population registration act (1950)

Answer 7

social rights, political rights, educational opportunities and economic status were determined by which class you were in

WAS a success as it helped define racial groups and get the industry and economy run by white people

Question 8

Failures of the Population registration act (1950)

Answer 8

there had to be some reclassifications done as some people passed themselves off as white

NOT a success as didn’t help define racial groups that well and also created as few racial tensions

Question 9

Definition of
Prohibition of mixed marriages (1949)

Answer 9

prohibited marriages between white, black and coloured people

white people could be imprisoned for breaking these laws

Question 10

Successes of the Prohibition of Mixed marriages Act (1949)

Answer 10

kept heritages pure and stoped the races from mixing

WAS a success because it made it easier to define racial groups

Question 11

Failures of the Prohibition of mixed marriages act (1949)

Answer 11

people could still have mixed relationships

NOT a success as it was still possible for races to mix and this would be breaking the apartheid that they wanted

Question 12

Definition of
Immorality amendment act (1950)

Answer 12

prohibited the sexual relationships between black and white people

Punishment for this was 6months hard labour

Question 13

Successes of Immorality amendment act (1950)

Answer 13

No mixing - children would be pure heritage

no mixed children

WAS a success as it defined the racial groups and protected the white race

Question 14

Definition of
Group areas act (1950)

Answer 14

Specific communes were set aside for each of the races.
Non-whites were relocated to reserves
other members of different ethnic groups that lived here first were forcibly evicted

resulted in the eviction of 3.5 million africans and over 1 million of these being deported to tribal areas or bantustans

Question 15

Successes of the group areas act (1950)

Answer 15

Gave the government control over relocations

WAS a success because it protected the white land and territory and got the industry run by white people.

they also claimed it reduced racial tensions

Question 16

Failures of the group areas act (1950)

Answer 16

They couldn’t use the fact that it would reduce tensions if they all lived seperate as in some areas people lived together and it was peaceful e.g Sophiatown

NOT a success as it didn’t follow the idea of reducing racial tensions as there weren’t any in the first place

Question 17

Definition of
Bantu Authorities act (1951)

Answer 17

Gave the government power to appoint tribal chiefs who ruled over reserves

Tribal leaders were responsible for the allocation of land, development programmes and welfare policies.

Question 18

Successes of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)

Answer 18

Emphasised that black people had no place in white South Africa - took the only thing they had.
presence was only tolerated as a cheap source of labour

reiterated that different races should live apart and not interact with each other

WAS a success as it defined racial groups and protected white land and territory

Question 19

Definition of
Abolition of pass laws act or Native laws amendment act (1952)

Answer 19

Replaced existing passes with standardised reference books

Law required all africans to carry identification booklets with their names, addresses, fingerprints and other information

Question 20

what did the Abolition of Passes Act state they had to do at all times

Answer 20

carry reference books at all times including men and women. (women weren’t included before)

couldn’t remain in an urban area for more than 70Hours after their permits had expired

couldn’t permanently live in urban area unless born their or lived there for 15 years or worked for the same employer for more than 10years

national reference books were issued, replacing the regional ones. they contained photographs employment record and details such as Marital status. criminal offence not to carry it.

Question 21

Successes of the Abolition of Passes act (1952)

Answer 21

Replaced the regional ones so everyone had the same pass book. too difficult to disobey and would be arrested. They were more rigorously enforced.

how many arrested in the early 1950’s 968,593 with 861,269 convictions

WAS a success because it defined racial groups and got the economy and industry run by white people

Question 22

failures of the Abolition of Passes Act

Answer 22

were some exceptions that meant black people could still live in Urban areas such as if you had lived there for more than 15 years

NOT a success because racial groups weren’t defined as some black people could still live in white areas

Question 23

Definition of
Bantu education act (1953)

Answer 23

the ministry of native affairs directly controlled the education of the black south Africans.

Designed by Minister of native affairs Hendrik Verwoerd

Question 24

Successes of the Bantu Education Act (1953)

Answer 24

could control what was learnt in the black curriculum and limit the skills African people needed to function resulting in them working in cheap labour

WAS a success as it got the industry and economy run by white people

Question 25

Failures of the Bantu education act (1953)

Answer 25

Black people boycotted schools and made their own at home

NOT a success because black children could still be learning important life skills and therefore the economy and industry isn’t protected form black people

Question 26

Impact of bantu education act

Answer 26

ANC leader Z.K Matthews said it was worse than no education at all

All churches except dutch reformed church opposed this act

mission run schools had to be handed over by decmeber 1954 or subsidies would decrease and then cease altogether

Most churches closed however some Roman Catholic, Seventh day adventists and jewish groups kept theirs open

African people began to run unofficial schools renamed cultural clubs to avoid being illegal,

Question 27

What did the Bantu eduction Act bring about

Answer 27

removal of control of African education from the ministry of eduction to the ministry of native affairs

an end to state subsidies for mission run schools so most were forced to close

an expansion of government run system and setting of a limited vocational based curricula. the work of the department of native affairs grew significantly

26,000 new African teachers and in 1958 department of bantu educaioton was created to meet this increase workload

Question 28

why did most churches comply with the bantu education act

Answer 28

because they wanted to keep children off of the streets

Bishop of Johannesburg opened up private Anglican schools that were 50p per month however most couldn’t afford this and there were huge waiting lists

Question 29

Protests against the Bantu education Act

Question 30

definition of Extension of Universities Act (1959)

Answer 30

ban English language universities from accepting African students

three new strictly segregated colleges were opened for coloured Indian and Zulu students and another for African people in Transvaal

Fort hare remained for Xhosa speaking students only

Question 31

summary of the Unis pre extension of the unis act

Answer 31

4 English lang unis
4 afrikaner
Fort hare for non white students where they all studied together and was highly valued

3 of the English lang schools also took non white students and employed soon non white lecturers

Question 32

Definition of
The reservation of separate amenities act (1953)

Answer 32

Signs were put up saying European only or non europeans only.
Facilities were separated

Question 33

Definition of
Native Urban areas act (1954)

Answer 33

A black person was permitted to live in a certain area if they met certain conditions

Question 34

Definition of
Bantu Law amendment act (1952)

Answer 34

Law permits the removal or imprisonment of “idle bantus” (unemployed black South Africans) from any urban area

Question 35

bantu self government act (1959)

Answer 35

set up 8 self governing homeland in which black African people were to be citizens . removing them as citizens would officially make the white population the largest

bantustans were viewed as seperate and independent countries