Topic 1 - lessons 3&4 * add things about the depression

Question 1

what does primitive mean

Answer 1

they live a self sufficient life

Question 2

what is a subsistence society

Answer 2

a society that relies on itself

Question 3

when did they conflict first begin between the Boers and the British

Answer 3

as soon as they British landed in South Africa and there was a struggle for who should have the rule and control

Question 4

what also cause the tension to rise in 1834

Answer 4

the British banned slavery however the boers still believed in it and moved further north to territory that hadnt been claimed by Europe

Question 5

what was the great trek 1838-54

Answer 5

when about 1/4 of afrikaners left the cape colony which was under British control
they then established there own independent republics in the interior of South Africa

Question 6

what were the 2 new republics established by the afrikaners called

Answer 6

Transvaal
orange free state

Question 7

what was the Boer war centred around

Answer 7

the struggle for control the gold in South Africa

Question 8

what happened within the Boer war

Answer 8

the British invaded the South African republic and the boers retaliated and were initially successful .
however the British were willing to expend men and money to achieve their goals and they won in 1902 and promised self government for the area

Question 9

what was the country created as a part of the British empire in 1910 called

Answer 9

the union of south Africa

Question 10

how was allowed to vote ij the country

Answer 10

only white men over the age of 21 with the exception of a small percent of eligible coloured men

Question 11

what did some of the first laws passed by the white government do

Answer 11

helped the white people but prevented the black people from gaining any power or wealth

Question 12

what percentage of land was white owned pre apartheid

Answer 12

over 80% of the land. however some black people lived on this land for example most African rural communities live on white owned farms or on reserves rugby chiefs

Question 13

what is baaskap

Answer 13

whites were able to maintain racial authority /baaskap (boss hood) whilst most black people worked on the farms

Question 14

what was the difference between the way the black and the whites lived pre apartheid

Answer 14

few rich white land owners whilst the majority of black people worked in subsistence and relied on the incomes of migrant workers whilst the women did things such as collecting water and wood

Question 15

what eveidence showed there wasn’t too much segregation pre apartheid

Answer 15

white owners and black staff lived together o the same land and worked together

Question 16

what event sparked the industrialisation of south Africa

Answer 16

the discovery of diamond in 1867 in Kimberly and he discovery of gold in 1886 near Johannesburg

Question 17

what did the discovery of gold and diamond cause

Answer 17

people began to flock to the area and there were 10000 men working in the mines of Kimberly 90% of them being black

Question 18

why was wage labour a step up for black people

Answer 18

previously no one could earn money independently. you could only get it for brides wealth( trading cattle) or to go to the chiefs or elders

Question 19

what was working in the mines like for the black people

Answer 19

for the first 15 years working in the mines was good and africans had some freedom and the wages were high
however the white people believed they posed a problem as slums began to grow arround cities such as Johannesburg

Question 20

what was the pass system of 1872

Answer 20

supposed to control the africans movement and stop them from seeking other work

Question 21

why were the compounds created in 1885

Answer 21

miners expected to live there
said it was to prevent things being stolen and banned alcohol and girls

however it was really to control the workers and keep the isolated from the towns

Question 22

what is share cropping

Answer 22

where people gave half of there crops to the white land owners in return for using the land

Question 23

what is the alliance between the gold and maize

Answer 23

alliance between dutch and British

Question 24

why did they create the natives land act of 1913

Answer 24

because the white people wanted more black people to work in the mines

Question 25

what did the Natives land act of 1913 law do

Answer 25

blacks couldnt own or rent land except on black reservations which only made up 7% of the land

share cropping was banned
blacks could only occupy white land if they worked for the farmer

Question 26

why did the government decide to set up segregated housing

Answer 26

because more black people began moving tot he cities for housing and the white people didnt like it

Question 27

what was the native (urban areas) act of 1923

Answer 27

local councils to separate black and white housing and have sepretae black townships
more desirable locations for the white only
black houses were demolished in white areas
black people had long journeys to work

Question 28

what was the pass system for

Answer 28

so the whites could control the blacks

Question 29

what did the industrial conciliation act of 1924 do

Answer 29

allowed white people to join trade unions but barred black people

Question 30

Mines and work act 1926 do

Answer 30

restricted jobs to white people only e.g rail way workers
was called the civilised labour policy