Why did France become a republic in 1792 Flashcards
Jacobin Club
- founded in 1789
- charged high entrance fee
- supported by wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists
- eventually came to reject notion of monarchy
- Robespierre led a minority group of radical jacobins
How many Jacobins were there across France by 1793
5000
Cordeliers club
- founded 1790
- more radical than Jacobins
- widespread working class following
- hostile to active/passive citizens in voting
- chief spokesman Marat edited newspaper L’Ami du Peuple attacking those who enjoyed privileges under Ancien Regime
Who were the three dominant politician journalists at the time
-Camille Desmoulins
-Jean Paul Marat
Jacques Rene Hebert
What caused the rural revolt in Brittany
peasants realised that feudal dues hadn’t been completely abolished
When was feudalism fully abolished
1793
When did Louis flee Paris
20/21 June 1791
How significant was the flight to Varennes
- before leaving Louis wrote down true thoughts showed he didn’t agree with changes and could not be trusted
- undermined credibility of new constitution
- June 30,000 marched to NA in supporting of removing King
What was the result of the flight
- King lost remaining popularity
- assembly voted to suspend the King until constitution was completed
Divisions amongst the Jacobins
- radicals wanted the King dethroned and put on trial
- some did not want this so set up Feuillants club
How many deputies abstained from voting to suspend the King’s power and why
290-believed measures went too far
When did the Champs de Mars massacre take place
17th July 1791
What was the nature of the Champs de Mars massacre
- meeting organised by the cordeliers cluub
- 50,000 parisians attended
- paris commune feared trouble and declared military law
- sent national guard to remove threat
- open fired and killed 50
What was the nature of the 1791 constitution
- redefined position of the king and the assembly
- king would retain hereditary powers and appoint ministers but power was seriously cut
- could no longer veto
- assembly dealt with foreign policy
- under the influence of Robespierre, no member of constituent assembly could be reelected to next assembly
What was the make up of the legislative assembly
- 745 deputies
- Feuillant club (264 deputies)
- Jacobin Club (136 deputies)
- Plain (350 deputies)
Which laws of the 1791 constitution did the King try to veto
- all refractory priests were to lose income and be treated as conspirators against France
- any emigres still out of France would forfeit property and be regarded as traitors
When was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued
27th August 1791
What was the declaration of Pillnitz
- situation of French King was a common interest to all nations
- the powers of French crown should be restored
- they were ready to use force to bring around restoration of royal power
What were the differing attitudes about war in France
Lafayette favoured war- short successful war to boost support
Brissotins- believed war would strengthen support for revolution and help expose counter-revolutionaires
Robespierre was against war as believed Generals were using it to overthrow new constitution
Louis- wanted war as believed France would lose
When did they officially declare war on Austria
20th April
Why was a federe camp set up
camp of 20,000 volunteer soldiers- expand force of national guardsmen and change its character
Why did the assembly want to disband the King’s guard
appeared to celebrate military setbacks
Impact of war in France
- further demonstrations from Sans Culottes (8000)- first journee
- assembly sanctioned that their decrees would no longer need approving by the King
- also wanted all men to be equal and fight in war- led to arguments over all men voting
- Brunswick Manifesto
When did the second journee take place
10 August 1792
Nature of the second journee
- 20,000 sans culottes and 2000 NG marched to Tuileries palace
- king suspended and imprisoned
Factors which contributed to failure of constitutional monarchy
- King’s own inflexibility
- influence of wife (led to flight to Varennes)
- split among revolutionaires (when it became more radical the liberals fled)
- economic issues caused by war exarcebated things
What was the nature of the September Massacres
- attacks on refractory priests, prisoners, monks, nuns and priests
- largely carried out by sans-culttes
What was the outcome of the September Massacres
- fears abroad of the dangers of popular revolution were confined
- girodins blames jacobins for inciting violent behaviours
- power of assembly and authorities were seen to be weak whilst popularity of radical leaders increased
When was a republic created
21st December 1792
