Why did France become a republic in 1792

Question 1

Jacobin Club

Answer 1

• founded in 1789
• charged high entrance fee
• supported by wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists
• eventually came to reject notion of monarchy
• Robespierre led a minority group of radical jacobins

Question 2

How many Jacobins were there across France by 1793

Answer 2

5000

Question 3

Cordeliers club

Answer 3

• founded 1790
• more radical than Jacobins
• widespread working class following
• hostile to active/passive citizens in voting
• chief spokesman Marat edited newspaper L’Ami du Peuple attacking those who enjoyed privileges under Ancien Regime

Question 4

Who were the three dominant politician journalists at the time

Answer 4

-Camille Desmoulins
-Jean Paul Marat
Jacques Rene Hebert

Question 5

What caused the rural revolt in Brittany

Answer 5

peasants realised that feudal dues hadn’t been completely abolished

Question 6

When was feudalism fully abolished

Answer 6

1793

Question 7

When did Louis flee Paris

Answer 7

20/21 June 1791

Question 8

How significant was the flight to Varennes

Answer 8

• before leaving Louis wrote down true thoughts showed he didn’t agree with changes and could not be trusted
• undermined credibility of new constitution
• June 30,000 marched to NA in supporting of removing King

Question 9

What was the result of the flight

Answer 9

• King lost remaining popularity

- assembly voted to suspend the King until constitution was completed

Question 10

Divisions amongst the Jacobins

Answer 10

• radicals wanted the King dethroned and put on trial

- some did not want this so set up Feuillants club

Question 11

How many deputies abstained from voting to suspend the King’s power and why

Answer 11

290-believed measures went too far

Question 12

When did the Champs de Mars massacre take place

Answer 12

17th July 1791

Question 13

What was the nature of the Champs de Mars massacre

Answer 13

• meeting organised by the cordeliers cluub
• 50,000 parisians attended
• paris commune feared trouble and declared military law
• sent national guard to remove threat
• open fired and killed 50

Question 14

What was the nature of the 1791 constitution

Answer 14

• redefined position of the king and the assembly
• king would retain hereditary powers and appoint ministers but power was seriously cut
• could no longer veto
• assembly dealt with foreign policy
• under the influence of Robespierre, no member of constituent assembly could be reelected to next assembly

Question 15

What was the make up of the legislative assembly

Answer 15

• 745 deputies
• Feuillant club (264 deputies)
• Jacobin Club (136 deputies)
• Plain (350 deputies)

Question 16

Which laws of the 1791 constitution did the King try to veto

Answer 16

• all refractory priests were to lose income and be treated as conspirators against France
• any emigres still out of France would forfeit property and be regarded as traitors

Question 17

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued

Answer 17

27th August 1791

Question 18

What was the declaration of Pillnitz

Answer 18

• situation of French King was a common interest to all nations
• the powers of French crown should be restored
• they were ready to use force to bring around restoration of royal power

Question 19

What were the differing attitudes about war in France

Answer 19

Lafayette favoured war- short successful war to boost support
Brissotins- believed war would strengthen support for revolution and help expose counter-revolutionaires
Robespierre was against war as believed Generals were using it to overthrow new constitution
Louis- wanted war as believed France would lose

Question 20

When did they officially declare war on Austria

Answer 20

20th April

Question 21

Why was a federe camp set up

Answer 21

camp of 20,000 volunteer soldiers- expand force of national guardsmen and change its character

Question 22

Why did the assembly want to disband the King’s guard

Answer 22

appeared to celebrate military setbacks

Question 23

Impact of war in France

Answer 23

• further demonstrations from Sans Culottes (8000)- first journee
• assembly sanctioned that their decrees would no longer need approving by the King
• also wanted all men to be equal and fight in war- led to arguments over all men voting
• Brunswick Manifesto

Question 24

When did the second journee take place

Answer 24

10 August 1792

Question 25

Nature of the second journee

Answer 25

• 20,000 sans culottes and 2000 NG marched to Tuileries palace
• king suspended and imprisoned

Question 26

Factors which contributed to failure of constitutional monarchy

Answer 26

• King’s own inflexibility
• influence of wife (led to flight to Varennes)
• split among revolutionaires (when it became more radical the liberals fled)
• economic issues caused by war exarcebated things

Question 27

What was the nature of the September Massacres

Answer 27

• attacks on refractory priests, prisoners, monks, nuns and priests
• largely carried out by sans-culttes

Question 28

What was the outcome of the September Massacres

Answer 28

• fears abroad of the dangers of popular revolution were confined
• girodins blames jacobins for inciting violent behaviours
• power of assembly and authorities were seen to be weak whilst popularity of radical leaders increased

Question 29

When was a republic created

Answer 29

21st December 1792