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History- French Revolution > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Turgot (main ideas)

A
  • cuts to royal expenses
  • removal/reduction to pensions
  • encouraged Louis to live less lavishly
  • fails to dissuade Louis fro joining American Rev
  • tried to set up general land tax
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2
Q

Turgot’s Six Edicts

A

-wanted to abolish privilege, to tax all and to grant every man the right to work without restriction

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3
Q

Which two edicts met the most opposition and why

A

5th and 6th

  • 5th suppressed the guilds (to reduce their control and increase competition)
  • 6th abolished the corvee in favour of a tax paid by landowners
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4
Q

How were the six edicts registered in 1776

A

through a lit de justice

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5
Q

Why was Turgot forced to resign

A

he offended a wide range of influential people including Marie Antoinette

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6
Q

Necker (main ideas)

A
  • reduced royal household expenses
  • appointed salaried officials rather than venal corporations to run the royal estates
  • removed the vingtieme on industry
  • tried to make royal accounting system more professional- gain more income (better tax system)
  • instead of raising taxes he raised money by borrowing 520 million livres
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7
Q

What was the nature of the compte rendu

A

inaccurate statement about the countries expenditure and income
Nicker dsguised France’s high interest payments as normal expenditure to suggest that France was in a stronger financial position

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8
Q

How much of a surplus did Necker record France having i the Compte Rendu

A

suggested that France had a surplus of 10 million livres

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9
Q

Why was Necker so popular with the third estate

A

as his attacks were mainly on vested interest and he involved France in a successful war without raising taxes

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10
Q

Why did Necker resign

A

As Marie Antoinette didn’t like him

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11
Q

Calonne (main ideas)

A
  • carried on raising loans as far as possible (unsuccessful as loans dried up)
  • planned a new land tax- imposed on landowners regardless of social status (rejected by assembly of notables)
  • an extra indirect land tax on legal documents (stamp duty)
  • end of the corvee royale- replaced by a tax on landowners
  • removal of controls on grain trade
  • removal of internal customs barriers to boost commerce
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12
Q

Brienne (main ideas)

A
  • attempted to persuade Assembly of notables to agree to a land tax (unsuccessful)
  • wanted to make army more efficient and less expensive
  • wanted to introduce religious toleration
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13
Q

When was the treaty of Paris

A

1783

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14
Q

Why did the French receive little reward from USA in treaty of paris

A

as the USA chose to maintain commercial ties with Britain so French

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15
Q

How much debt did the French gov face by the end of the American War of Independence

A

3.3 billion livres

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16
Q

Why did Louis and French gov officially help in the American War of Independence

A

thought America would win and so we would reap rewards in the end

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17
Q

How much debt was France in when Louis ascended to the throne in 1774

A

about 2.3 billion livres

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18
Q

Which two wars did Louis XV get involved in before Louis XVI came to the throne

A
  • War of Austrian Succession (1746-8)

- 7 Years War (1756-63)

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19
Q

How much did the two wars of Louis XV cost

A

1.3 billion livres

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20
Q

What did enlightened thinkers question

A

questioned traditional assumptions, ideas and institutions such as absolute monarchy, the church and structure of society

21
Q

What aspect of the english model of control did many philsophes take interest in

A

the idea of a ‘limited monarchy’ and shared power with an elected parliament

22
Q

What did Francois Quensay believe needed to be abolished

A

need to abolish monopolies, guilds, tariffs and special privileges (attacking 1st/2nd estate)

23
Q

What was Francois Volitaire’s main principles

A

-attacked hypocrisy and injustice and in support of toleration, civil rights and the right to a fair trial

24
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau main principles

A

the people have the right to overthrow government that have failed to act correctly
government should be a contract between the king and his subjects

25
Q

Denis Diderot main principe

A

rejected religion and saw church as a bar to progress

26
Q

Charles-Louis de Montesquieu main beliefs

A

wanted sepearate legislature, executive and judiciary and questioned the structure of political authority

27
Q

law of 1781 in the army

A

restricted certain positions in the army to those who had 4 generations of noble family

28
Q

had did the social structure contribute to the financial collapse

A

1st/2nd estate had lots of privileges and didn’t pay direct taxes so gov received less money than they needed

29
Q

What did the clergy pay instead of the taille (direct tax)

A

don gratuit

30
Q

How many people were in the first estate

A

about 150,000

31
Q

How many people were in the second estate

A

about 400,000

32
Q

How big was the population of France in the 1780s

A

27 million

33
Q

Even though many nobles/clergy agreed with the ideas of the enlightenment why were they still unwilling to give up privileges

A

due to their distrust of the government and their wish for an estates general

34
Q

Why did the assembly reject tax reforms

A

didnt think situation was bad enough due to Necker’s compte rendu and clergy were particularly hostile to the new plan to tax the church

35
Q

How did Calonne anger the notables further

A

published articles accusing them of allowing self interest to stand in the way of change

36
Q

Why did the Paris Parlement refused to allow Brienne’s lit de justice

A

they wanted an estates general

37
Q

What percentage of the 2nd estate did the cahiers show were willing to give up their financial privileges

A

89%

38
Q

In spring 1789 what percentage of their wages were Parisian workers spending on bread

A

88%

39
Q

How much did textile production fall by in 1789

A

50%

40
Q

When were the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom published?

A

May 1788

41
Q

What were the Fundamental laws of the kingdom

A

consent of an Estate General was needed for such fundamental changes Louis was proposing

42
Q

What were the May Edicts

A

hit at power of the parlements in a last attempt to reform old institution
no. of judges in paris parlement reduced

43
Q

When was the revolt of the nobles

A

May-August 1788

44
Q

What did the revolt of the nobles involve

A

provincial parlements flooded royal court with remonstrances and paris parlement led cries to end the lettres de catchet and imprisonment without trial
demands for estate general
royal authority collapsed- taxes weren’t paid
series of sporadic risings broke out across the country- day of Tiles Grenoble

45
Q

How did the procedures in Estate General work against the third estate

A

followed the procedures of the last estate general in 1614
equal representation for each estate
seperate estate meetings
one vote per estate

46
Q

Why was the King’s declaration of double representation for the third estate during estate general ultimately meaningless

A

as the King refused to pronounce the voting procedures

47
Q

What was the nature of Abbe Sieyes pamphlet ‘What is the third estate’

A

argued that the third estate was ‘everything’ it alone represented the nation
the message was clear and led to a growing desire to have a voice in the assembly and act as its leaders

48
Q

How many cahiers were produced

A

40,000

49
Q

What was the nature of the cahiers

A

third estate- concerned about taxation and peasants worried about specific and local concerns
most were about the desire for representative government

History- French Revolution (17 decks)

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