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History- French Revolution > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the first session of the estate general

A

5th May 1789

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2
Q

Why did the Third Estate take issue with the King’s speech during the first session of the Estate General

A

he failed to settle the third estates most pressing concerns

  • no agenda was put forward for a ‘reform package’ with positive policy proposals for discussion
  • there was no clear indication given of the procedures to be adopted
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3
Q

When did the third estate vote to call themselves the National Assembly

A

17th June 1789

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4
Q

What was the significance of the third estate calling themselves the National Assembly

A

asserting their right to represent the nation and its intention to go ahead and make its own decisions about the future of the French state

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5
Q

When was the Tennis Court Oath

A

20th June 1789

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6
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath

A

promised never to disband no matter where they were forced to meet until France had a new constitution

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7
Q

When was the Seance Royale

A

23rd June 1789

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8
Q

What did the King promise in the Seance Royale

A

accepted the principle of consent to new taxation and a fairer land tax based on the value on the land not social status

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9
Q

Why were the deputies annoyed at Louis during the Seance Royale

A

continued to use the term Estate General rather than National Assembly and demanded that the estates continue to meet separately

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10
Q

How many extra troops did Louis bring to Paris on 26th June 1789 and why

A

4800 extra troops as the situation in the meetings at the Palais-Royale wasn’t improving

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11
Q

How many troops were there around the capital by the 2nd July 1789

A

just under 30,000

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12
Q

When did the King dismiss Necker and what was the effect of it

A

11th July 1789

seemed to confirm fears that the King was seeking ways to prevent reform and go back on his promises

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13
Q

When was the storming of the Bastille

A

14th July 1789

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14
Q

Over what period did the Great Fear take place

A

17th July- 3rd August 1789

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15
Q

What was the nature of the Great Fear

A

peasants refused to pay taxes and attacked landlords’ chateaux
armed themselves and burnt down fences, hedges and barns
destroyed all the records of sales and obligations recording dues owed

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16
Q

What were the causes of the Great Fear

A
  • political development in Paris
  • economic issues ie. poor harvest and drought in 1788
  • long term political issues
  • rumours about brigands stealing grain
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17
Q

How did the assembly respond to the Great Fear

A

abolished feudal rights to appease peasants

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18
Q

When were the August Decrees made

A

4th August 1789

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19
Q

What were some of the reforms in the August Decrees

A
  • all feudal dues relating to service were abolished
  • all tithes and fees were abolished
  • all citizens would pay the same taxes on everything
  • all seignural courts were abolished with no compensation
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20
Q

When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man established

A

26th August 1789

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21
Q

Which particular enlightenment thinkers principles was the Declaration the Rights of Man based off

A

Montesquieu- ‘separation of powers’

Rousseau- ‘social contract’

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22
Q

When were the October Days

A

5th October 1789

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23
Q

How did enlightened thinkers influence the assembly’s church reforms

A

Louis Sebastian Mercier- complained Paris was ‘full of priests and tonsured clerics who serve neither the Church nor the state’
philsophes also disapproved of binding religious vows which were often tken by those barley mature enough to understand their full meaning

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24
Q

What were some of the church reforms between August 1789 and June 1790 which limited the church’s power

A
  • pluralism abolished
  • payment of annates was ended
  • tithe, the church tax and the right of the clergy to decide its own taxation in the don gratuit were abolished
  • all church property nationalised
  • full citizenship granted to protestants and Jews
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25
Q

When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy implemented

A

12th July 1790

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26
Q

What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy state

A
  • administrative structure of the Church was reorganised;
  • clergyman would become paid state officials
  • bishops and priests were to be elected; give French citizens control over their spiritual leaders
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27
Q

When was the oath of the civil constitution

A

27th November 1790

28
Q

How many of clergy and the bishops were prepared to take the oath

A

only 7 out of 160 bishops

55% of the clergy

29
Q

What was the impact of the church reforms

A

large no of clergy fled abroad

constitution of the clergy helped to destroy national unity and led to counter-revolution and civil war

30
Q

When was the Jacobin Club formed

A

January 1790

31
Q

When was the Cordeliers Club formed

A

April 1790

32
Q

What was the point of decentralisation

A

to prevent any possible return to monarchial absolutism

33
Q

How did the three tier system that France was divided into work

A

subdivided with 83 departments, 547 cantons and 43,360 communes

34
Q

What were assignats

A

government bonds which could be exchanged for church land

35
Q

What was the problem with assignats

A

they were soon being used like paper money and the assembly used them to pay off debts

36
Q

What was gabelle

A

salt tax

37
Q

When was the declaration of Pillnitz

A

27th August 1791

38
Q

Why did Louis want to flee to Varennes

A
  • his authority had been questioned
  • lost the support of his army
  • his divine right had been challenged
  • subjects showed increasing lack of respect
39
Q

What was the impact of Louis’s flight to Varennes

A
  • credibility of new constitution undermined before even implemented
  • flight persuaded many who had hitherto supported him that he could no longer be trusted
  • King suspended until constitution was completed
  • increased divisions amongst assembly
  • split within Jacobin club
40
Q

When was the King suspended

A

16th July 1791

41
Q

How many people marched to the national assembly on 24th June following the flight to Varennes and what did the demand

A

30,000 people called for King’s dismissal

42
Q

When were the Champs de Mars Massacres

A

17th July 1791

43
Q

What the Constituent Assembly become on the 1st October 1791

A

Legislative Assembly

44
Q

Why was the new legislative assembly far from cooperative

A
  • king’s reluctance to accept measures he disliked
  • suspicions regarding the King’s commitment to the revolution as revealed by Varennes flight
  • fear of counter-revolutionary plots
45
Q

What was the self-defying ordinance

A

approved by the constituent assembly to ensure that none of its members could belong to the new legislative assembly

46
Q

How many of the active citizens voted in the elections between 29th August and 5th September 1791 for the new legislative assembly

A

under a quater

47
Q

What group filled the seats in the new legislative assembly

A

bourgeoise

48
Q

What were the political divisions between the deputies in the new legislative assembly

A 
The left (136 deputies)- most were members of the Jacobin club
The right (264 deputies)- members of the feuillant club and considered the revolution to be over
The centre (345 deputies)- unattached (the plain)
49
Q

How many officers had emigrated by the end of 1791

A

6000

50
Q

Why did the King’s popularity decrease after he vetoed the laws to stop emigres

A

he appeared to be undermining the revolution

51
Q

How did the legislative assembly initially respond to counter-revolution in 1791

A

declared that:

  • all non-jurors were suspects
  • emigres who did not return to France by 1st January 1792 would forfeit their property
52
Q

When did France go to war

A

April 1792

53
Q

What was the nature of the declaration of Pillnitz

A
  • both countries regarded the present situation of the French King common interest to all other European rulers
  • they hoped to restore the powers of the French crown
  • force would be used if necessary to bring about restoration
54
Q

Why was the Declaration of Pillnitz significant

A

appeared to be a threat to interfere in French internal affairs
enemies of the King thought declaration justified their opposition to and mistrust of the monarchy

55
Q

How big of an impact did the Declaration of Pillnitz have in France

A

didn’t create that much of a stir- assembly didn’t debate it and most newspapers ignored it
when Leopold gave constitution a warm welcome so Austrian intervention even more unlikely

56
Q

When did the September Massacres occur

A

2-7 September 1792

57
Q

How many prisoners were killed during the September Massacres

A

1000-1500

58
Q

Who were the September Massacre attacks mostly carried out by

A

Sans-culottes

59
Q

How did the September Massacres affect the elections which followed

A

in Paris none of the Girodins candidates were elected- hostility to commune and actions of sans-culottes
radicals chosen instead- Robespierre, Marat, Desmoulins and Danton
Outside of Paris some sort of men chosen as in 1791

60
Q

When was the ‘la partie en danger’ decree issued

A

11 July 1792

61
Q

What did the ‘la partie en danger’ demand

A

for all Frenchmen to fight in the war to help save the country

62
Q

When was the Brunswick Manifesto issued

A

1st August 1792

63
Q

What were the main terms of the Brunswick Manifesto

A
  • ensure the welfare of France
  • restore liberty of Louis XVI and his family
  • city of Paris should set Louis free without delay
  • if Tuileries Palace was attacked and the royal family harmed then Austrian-Prussian army would inflict ‘an exemplary vengeance’ on the city and citizens
64
Q

What were the effects of the Brunswick Manifesto

A

Frenchmen infuriated- many who had previously supported the monarchy now turned against it

65
Q

When did the second journee take place

A

10th August 1792

66
Q

What were the three laws the assembly passed between the 27th May-8th June

A

27th May- assembly voted for deportation of refractory priests
29th May- odered the disbanding of the King’s guard (1200 cavalry and 600 foot soldiers) which had appeared to celebrate military setbacks
8th June- passed decree to set up a federe camp of 20,000 volunteer soldiers from all over France

67
Q

How many people marched during the second jounree

A

20,000 sans culottes and 2,000 federes/NG

History- French Revolution (17 decks)

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