Part 2 Flashcards
When was the first session of the estate general
5th May 1789
Why did the Third Estate take issue with the King’s speech during the first session of the Estate General
he failed to settle the third estates most pressing concerns
- no agenda was put forward for a ‘reform package’ with positive policy proposals for discussion
- there was no clear indication given of the procedures to be adopted
When did the third estate vote to call themselves the National Assembly
17th June 1789
What was the significance of the third estate calling themselves the National Assembly
asserting their right to represent the nation and its intention to go ahead and make its own decisions about the future of the French state
When was the Tennis Court Oath
20th June 1789
What was the Tennis Court Oath
promised never to disband no matter where they were forced to meet until France had a new constitution
When was the Seance Royale
23rd June 1789
What did the King promise in the Seance Royale
accepted the principle of consent to new taxation and a fairer land tax based on the value on the land not social status
Why were the deputies annoyed at Louis during the Seance Royale
continued to use the term Estate General rather than National Assembly and demanded that the estates continue to meet separately
How many extra troops did Louis bring to Paris on 26th June 1789 and why
4800 extra troops as the situation in the meetings at the Palais-Royale wasn’t improving
How many troops were there around the capital by the 2nd July 1789
just under 30,000
When did the King dismiss Necker and what was the effect of it
11th July 1789
seemed to confirm fears that the King was seeking ways to prevent reform and go back on his promises
When was the storming of the Bastille
14th July 1789
Over what period did the Great Fear take place
17th July- 3rd August 1789
What was the nature of the Great Fear
peasants refused to pay taxes and attacked landlords’ chateaux
armed themselves and burnt down fences, hedges and barns
destroyed all the records of sales and obligations recording dues owed
What were the causes of the Great Fear
- political development in Paris
- economic issues ie. poor harvest and drought in 1788
- long term political issues
- rumours about brigands stealing grain
How did the assembly respond to the Great Fear
abolished feudal rights to appease peasants
When were the August Decrees made
4th August 1789
What were some of the reforms in the August Decrees
- all feudal dues relating to service were abolished
- all tithes and fees were abolished
- all citizens would pay the same taxes on everything
- all seignural courts were abolished with no compensation
When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man established
26th August 1789
Which particular enlightenment thinkers principles was the Declaration the Rights of Man based off
Montesquieu- ‘separation of powers’
Rousseau- ‘social contract’
When were the October Days
5th October 1789
How did enlightened thinkers influence the assembly’s church reforms
Louis Sebastian Mercier- complained Paris was ‘full of priests and tonsured clerics who serve neither the Church nor the state’
philsophes also disapproved of binding religious vows which were often tken by those barley mature enough to understand their full meaning
What were some of the church reforms between August 1789 and June 1790 which limited the church’s power
- pluralism abolished
- payment of annates was ended
- tithe, the church tax and the right of the clergy to decide its own taxation in the don gratuit were abolished
- all church property nationalised
- full citizenship granted to protestants and Jews
When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy implemented
12th July 1790
What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy state
- administrative structure of the Church was reorganised;
- clergyman would become paid state officials
- bishops and priests were to be elected; give French citizens control over their spiritual leaders
When was the oath of the civil constitution
27th November 1790
How many of clergy and the bishops were prepared to take the oath
only 7 out of 160 bishops
55% of the clergy
What was the impact of the church reforms
large no of clergy fled abroad
constitution of the clergy helped to destroy national unity and led to counter-revolution and civil war
When was the Jacobin Club formed
January 1790
When was the Cordeliers Club formed
April 1790
What was the point of decentralisation
to prevent any possible return to monarchial absolutism
How did the three tier system that France was divided into work
subdivided with 83 departments, 547 cantons and 43,360 communes
What were assignats
government bonds which could be exchanged for church land
What was the problem with assignats
they were soon being used like paper money and the assembly used them to pay off debts
What was gabelle
salt tax
When was the declaration of Pillnitz
27th August 1791
Why did Louis want to flee to Varennes
- his authority had been questioned
- lost the support of his army
- his divine right had been challenged
- subjects showed increasing lack of respect
What was the impact of Louis’s flight to Varennes
- credibility of new constitution undermined before even implemented
- flight persuaded many who had hitherto supported him that he could no longer be trusted
- King suspended until constitution was completed
- increased divisions amongst assembly
- split within Jacobin club
When was the King suspended
16th July 1791
How many people marched to the national assembly on 24th June following the flight to Varennes and what did the demand
30,000 people called for King’s dismissal
When were the Champs de Mars Massacres
17th July 1791
What the Constituent Assembly become on the 1st October 1791
Legislative Assembly
Why was the new legislative assembly far from cooperative
- king’s reluctance to accept measures he disliked
- suspicions regarding the King’s commitment to the revolution as revealed by Varennes flight
- fear of counter-revolutionary plots
What was the self-defying ordinance
approved by the constituent assembly to ensure that none of its members could belong to the new legislative assembly
How many of the active citizens voted in the elections between 29th August and 5th September 1791 for the new legislative assembly
under a quater
What group filled the seats in the new legislative assembly
bourgeoise
What were the political divisions between the deputies in the new legislative assembly
The left (136 deputies)- most were members of the Jacobin club The right (264 deputies)- members of the feuillant club and considered the revolution to be over The centre (345 deputies)- unattached (the plain)
How many officers had emigrated by the end of 1791
6000
Why did the King’s popularity decrease after he vetoed the laws to stop emigres
he appeared to be undermining the revolution
How did the legislative assembly initially respond to counter-revolution in 1791
declared that:
- all non-jurors were suspects
- emigres who did not return to France by 1st January 1792 would forfeit their property
When did France go to war
April 1792
What was the nature of the declaration of Pillnitz
- both countries regarded the present situation of the French King common interest to all other European rulers
- they hoped to restore the powers of the French crown
- force would be used if necessary to bring about restoration
Why was the Declaration of Pillnitz significant
appeared to be a threat to interfere in French internal affairs
enemies of the King thought declaration justified their opposition to and mistrust of the monarchy
How big of an impact did the Declaration of Pillnitz have in France
didn’t create that much of a stir- assembly didn’t debate it and most newspapers ignored it
when Leopold gave constitution a warm welcome so Austrian intervention even more unlikely
When did the September Massacres occur
2-7 September 1792
How many prisoners were killed during the September Massacres
1000-1500
Who were the September Massacre attacks mostly carried out by
Sans-culottes
How did the September Massacres affect the elections which followed
in Paris none of the Girodins candidates were elected- hostility to commune and actions of sans-culottes
radicals chosen instead- Robespierre, Marat, Desmoulins and Danton
Outside of Paris some sort of men chosen as in 1791
When was the ‘la partie en danger’ decree issued
11 July 1792
What did the ‘la partie en danger’ demand
for all Frenchmen to fight in the war to help save the country
When was the Brunswick Manifesto issued
1st August 1792
What were the main terms of the Brunswick Manifesto
- ensure the welfare of France
- restore liberty of Louis XVI and his family
- city of Paris should set Louis free without delay
- if Tuileries Palace was attacked and the royal family harmed then Austrian-Prussian army would inflict ‘an exemplary vengeance’ on the city and citizens
What were the effects of the Brunswick Manifesto
Frenchmen infuriated- many who had previously supported the monarchy now turned against it
When did the second journee take place
10th August 1792
What were the three laws the assembly passed between the 27th May-8th June
27th May- assembly voted for deportation of refractory priests
29th May- odered the disbanding of the King’s guard (1200 cavalry and 600 foot soldiers) which had appeared to celebrate military setbacks
8th June- passed decree to set up a federe camp of 20,000 volunteer soldiers from all over France
How many people marched during the second jounree
20,000 sans culottes and 2,000 federes/NG
