White blood cells and vaccines

Question 1

phagocyte

Answer 1

white blood cells that engulf and break down micro-organisms

Question 2

antigens

Answer 2

cell surface markers that tell us the cells do not belong to us

Question 3

lymphocyte

Answer 3

white blood cells that produce specific antibodies/anti toxins

Question 4

describe antibodies

Answer 4

-proteins that bind to antigens with complimentary shapes
-they are specific to the antigens on each pathogen
-they cause pathogens to clump together which prevents them from replicating

Question 5

what is the primary response to a pathogen?

Answer 5

once antibodies have been produces, memory white blood cells in the blood = immunity

Question 6

what is the secondary response to a pathogen?

Answer 6

then on the second infection, antibodies are produced in higher quantities, preventing symptoms

Question 7

describe a vaccine

Answer 7

-contain weakened/dead versions of the pathogen
-still contains the antigen which therefore triggers an immune response
-produce antibodies specific to the antigen
-produce memory white blood cells to the antigens
-if you then get infected with the real pathogen –> straight to the secondary response
-lost of antibodies are made in a short space of time
-no symptoms occur
-have immunological memory