New medicines Flashcards
how are pathogens killed?
-antiseptics
-antivirals
-antibiotics
describe antiseptics
kill or neutralise all types of pathogen and don’t damage humans
describe antivirals
destroy viruses
describe antibiotics
-kill bacteria without harming human cells
-they do not effect viruses and fungi
why is biodiversity essential for an ecosystem?
having a variety of living organisms means that there may be an undiscovered plant that can be used as a medicine
describe the different drugs used in the new medicines practical
P=penicillin
S=streptomycin
C=control (blank paper with distilled water)
what are the different sources of new drugs?
-plant extracts
-synthetic (made in a lab)
what are preclinical tests performed on after finding a potentially useful substance?
-live cells
-bacteria
-tissue cultures
what is the zone of inhibition of an antibiotic?
the area around an antibiotic where it has been effective
how do you calculate the zone of inhibition?
- measure the diameter of the zone of inhibition
- calculate the radius
- calculate the area
describe the process of drug testing
- drug is tested using computer models and cells grown in the lab
- drug is tested on animals (worms/flies/mice) to study any side effects
3.drug is tested on a small group of healthy human volunteers to check its safety - drug is tested on small number of volunteer patients who have the illness, to ensure it works
- drug is tested on large numbers of volunteer patients to monitor drug effectiveness, safety, dosage and side effects
- drug approved and can be prescribed
what are the different types of drug trials?
-double blind trial
-blind trial
-open trial
describe double blind trial
no one knows who has it as placebo effect can make people improve
describe blind trial
doctor knows who’s been administered the drug
describe open trial
everyone knows who’s been administered the drug
