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Biology B6 > Health and disease > Flashcards

Health and disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is disease?

A

a condition that is caused by any part of the body not functioning properly

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2
Q

communicable disease

A

a disease which can be transmitted between organisms

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3
Q

what are communicable diseases mostly caused by?

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

non communicable disease

A

a disease which cannot be spread between organisms

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5
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms that have the ability to cause disease when they enter an organism

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6
Q

what are some examples of pathogens?

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi and protocists

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7
Q

describe HIV

A

the virus that attacks the immune system which means you can’t fight off severe and rare diseases

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8
Q

what does HIV result in?

A

AIDS and tuberculosis

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9
Q

describe AIDS

A

you have a collection of opportunistic diseases as a result of immunodeficiency

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10
Q

what pathogen causes athletes foot?

A

fungus

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11
Q

is athletes foot a human or plant infection?

A

human

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of athletes foot?

A

cracked, flaking, itchy skin

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13
Q

how is athletes foot transmitted?

A

very contagious spread by direct contact and indirect contact (touching contaminated objects)

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14
Q

what are the treatments of athletes foot?

A

anti-fungal creams

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15
Q

what pathogen causes food poisoning?

A

bacteria

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16
Q

is food poisoning a plant or human infection?

A

human

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of food poisoning?

A

stomach pains, diarrhoea, vomiting and fever

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18
Q

how is food poisoning transmitted?

A

spread by eating or drinking contaminated food- often under cooked/raw meat

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19
Q

what are the treatments for food poisoning?

A

serious cases may require the use of a drip to replace lost fluids

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20
Q

what pathogen causes chlamydia?

A

bacteria

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21
Q

is chlamydia a plant or human infection?

A

human

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22
Q

what are the symptoms of chlamydia?

A

pain during urination, discharge from penis or vagina

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23
Q

how is chlamydia transmitted?

A

sex

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24
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

antibiotics

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25
Q

what pathogen causes gonorrhoea?

A

bacteria

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26
Q

is gonorrhoea a human or plant infection?

A

human

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27
Q

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

burning discharge when urinating, vaginal discharge

28
Q

how is gonorrhoea transmitted?

29
Q

what is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

antibiotics

30
Q

what pathogen causes genital herpes?

31
Q

is genital herpes a human or plant infection?

32
Q

what are the symptoms of genital herpes?

A

painful blisters or sores

33
Q

how is genital herpes transmitted?

34
Q

what is the treatment for genital herpes?

35
Q

what pathogen causes HIV?

36
Q

is HIV a human or plant infection?

37
Q

what are the symptoms of HIV?

A

weakened immune system, often resulting in aids

38
Q

how is HIV transmitted?

A

sharing needles, sex

39
Q

what is the treatment for HIV?

A

no cure, symptoms controlled with antiretroviral drugs, lifetime treatment is required

40
Q

what pathogen causes Human papilloma virus (HPV)?

41
Q

is Human papilloma virus (HPV) a human or plant infection?

42
Q

what are the symptoms of Human papilloma virus (HPV)?

A

warts of varying size and shape on the skin, including on the genitals

43
Q

how is Human papilloma virus (HPV) transmitted?

A

skin to skin contact, usually during sexual activity

44
Q

what are the treatments for Human papilloma virus (HPV)?

A

apply a cream (topical treatment), destroy tissue of warts by freezing

45
Q

what can HPV cause?

A

cervical cancer

46
Q

what pathogen causes tuberculosis?

47
Q

is tuberculosis a human or plant infection?

48
Q

what are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

A

extreme tiredness, night sweats (flu symptoms), persistent coughs

49
Q

how is tuberculosis transmitted?

A

eating infected meat or drinking infected milk, prolonged contact with infected people

50
Q

how can tuberculosis be treated?

A

6 months of a combination of anitbiotics

51
Q

what pathogen causes tobacco mosaic virus?

52
Q

is tobacco mosaic virus a human or plant infection?

53
Q

what are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus?

A

mottled or discoloured leaves (stops chloroplasts growing), stunted growth

54
Q

how is tobacco mosaic virus transmitted?

A

through direct contact with other plants or via insects

55
Q

what are the treatments for tobacco mosaic virus?

A

removal of infected plants, washing hands during planting, planting TMV resistant crops

56
Q

what pathogen causes crown gall disease?

57
Q

is crown gall disease a human or plant infection?

58
Q

what are the symptoms of crown gall disease?

A

tumor like growths called galls that encircle the stem cutting off the flow of sap leading to a stunted growth or death

59
Q

how is crown gall disease transmitted?

A

spread by direct contact or vectors, bacterium enters through a wound

60
Q

how can crown gall disease be treated?

A

removal of infected plants, planting of over susceptible plants avoiding infected area for 2 years

61
Q

what pathogen causes barley powdery mildew?

62
Q

is barley powdery mildew a plant or human infection?

63
Q

what are the symptoms of barley powdery mildew?

A

white powdery spots on the leaves and stem, early leaf drop, stunted growth

64
Q

how is barley powdery mildew transmitted?

A

fungus releases spores which are spread by wind

65
Q

how can barley powdery mildew be treated?

A

spraying crops with fungicides

Biology B6 (14 decks)

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