Non-communicable disease

Question 1

what are the lifestyle factors that can affect your health?

Answer 1

-diet
-smoking
-alcohol intake
-exercise

Question 2

what are the names of some chronic diseases caused by smoking?

Answer 2

-gum infection
-pneumonia
-heart disease

Question 3

what are some of the substances that tobacco smoke contains?

Answer 3

-tar (carcinogenic)
-nicotine (addictive; causes heart to beat faster)
-carbon monoxide (binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells leading to heart disease)
-particulates (small solids that weaken the alveoli)

Question 4

describe bronchitis

Answer 4

substances in cigarette smoke can paralyse the ciliated cells lining the airways allowing mucus to flow into the lungs and cause infection

Question 5

what are the ways alcohol abuse can damage health?

Answer 5

-cause a stroke
-pancreatitis
-high blood pressure
-reduced fertility

Question 6

why does alcohol affect ones health?

Answer 6

-alcohol contains ethanol which slows down the immune system
-ethanol is toxic to humans
-the liver breaks down toxic substances such as ethanol
- heavy drinkers have scarred livers which make it less effective
-long term effects of drinking include stomach ulcers

Question 7

what are some risks to adults of alcohol?

Answer 7

-alcohol is a depressant, slowing down the brain so it can cause long term memory damage
-over drinking can cause liver disease
-drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage

Question 8

what are some theories for the link between obesity and cancer?

Answer 8

-too much fat in the body causes the level of oestrogen to rise, these cells can multiply increasing the risk of cancer
-too much fat can cause insulin levels to rise, which causes cancer
-obesity can lead to tissues being inflamed which can spread the growth of cancer

Question 9

what is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 9

describes disease of heart and blood vessels

Question 10

what are types of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 10

-atherosclerosis
-thrombosis

Question 11

atherosclerosis

Answer 11

hardening and narrowing of arteries due to a build up of fatty deposits in an artery

Question 12

thrombosis

Answer 12

a blood clots if this occurs in the coronary arteries it can cause a heart attack, if it occurs in an artery supplying the brain it can cause a stroke

Question 13

what factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 13

-high blood pressure
-lack of exercise
-smoking
-diet high in salt