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Hematology > White Blood Cells > Flashcards

White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Increase of wbcs count is called?

A

Leukocytosis

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2
Q

Decrease of all wbc count is called?

A

Leukopenia

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3
Q

General function of wbc?

A

Control inflammation, control bacteria, provide Immunity, help blood clot or help destroy clots and unwanted clots

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4
Q

What is a white blood cell estimate?

A

40 power, count number of wbcs per field for ten fields, divide total from 10 fields by 10, multiply by 2000=== wbc/microliter (uL)

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5
Q

What is a myloblast and promyelocyte?

A

A large cell with blue cytoplasm and granules

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6
Q

Three types of granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils, neutrophil, basophils

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7
Q

Difference between by locate and metmyelocyte?

A

Metmyelocyte is normal size with a more abundant cytoplasm, normal size nucleus with chromatin

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8
Q

Most common immature cell we see in dogs?

A

Band neutrophil

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9
Q

Horseshoe shape neutrophil.

A

Band neutrophil

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10
Q

Has 3-5 lobes neutrophil

A

A mature neutrophil

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11
Q

Where are neutrophils produced then stored?

A

Bone marrow

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12
Q

What happens in the neutrophil proliferating pool.

A

Cell division

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13
Q

What happens in the neutrophil maturation pool?

A

Maturing not dividing

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14
Q

What is stored in the storage pool?

A

Mature neutrophil

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15
Q

What is mnp?

A

Marginal neutrophil pool- stuck to walls, waiting to help

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16
Q

What is found in the circulating neutrophil pool?

A

On the look out for bad things

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17
Q

First line of defense.

A

Neutrophils in tissues

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18
Q

How do neutrophils rid the body of bad things?

A

Phago and pino cytosis

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19
Q

Old neutrophil.

A

Hyper-segmented neutrophil

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20
Q

Number one cell in circulating blood in cats and dogs.

A

Segmented neutrophil (mature)

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21
Q

Life span of mature neutrophil.

A

7-14 hours

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22
Q

The most common Immature cell in dogs?

A

Band neutrophil

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23
Q

Left shift?

A

Greater than 5% band cells after your final count (lots of Immature cell)

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24
Q

Why do left shifts happen?

A

Increased need for neutrophils

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25
Q

More than five segments.

A

Hyper segmented (right shift)

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26
Q

Why do we see hypersegmentstion?

A

We left it in a coagulant for too long, b12 deficiency

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27
Q

Causes of neutrophilia?

A

Muscle activity, bacterial infections, leukemia types

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28
Q

Causes of neutropenia?

A

Viral infection, bacteria infections, nutritional deficiencies

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29
Q

Where are lymphocytes found.

A

In the pleuripotent cell

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30
Q

Second most common cell in circulating blood?

A

Lymphocytes

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31
Q

Two types of lymphocytes?

A

Small and medium/large

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32
Q

Round cell, smaller than neutrophils, round to oval nucleus.

A

Small lymphocytes

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33
Q

Bizarre shaped lymphocytes

A

Large/medium lymphocytes.

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34
Q

Small lymphocytes can we confused with….

A

Rbcs

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35
Q

Functions of lymphocytes?

A

T cells- memory cells, B cells- immune surveillance

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36
Q

Third or fourth most common cell in circulating blood?

A

Monocytes

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37
Q

Largest cell!

A

Monocytes

38
Q

Functions of monocytes?

A

Provide immunity, “garbage eater”

39
Q

Once a monocytes leaves the bloodstream what is it called?

A

Macrophage

40
Q

What causes mono cytosis?

A

Inflammatory diseases, infections, fevers, obstructions,

41
Q

Third or fourth most common cell in blood?

A

Eosinophils

42
Q

Where are eosinophils found?

A

Intestinal lining, uterus, respiratory tract, skin

43
Q

For each eo in the blood, how many are in the tissue?

A

300

44
Q

Eosinophil function?

A

Engulf bacteria

45
Q

What causes eosinophilia?

A

Paratism, allergies

46
Q

Rare cell found in circulating blood?

A

Basophils

47
Q

Most common in horses.

A

Basophils

48
Q

Causes of basophilia?

A

Heartworm, allergies, cushings, leukemia

49
Q

Difference between eosinophils and basophils?

A

Basophils are darker

50
Q

Difference between monocytes and lymphocytes?

A

Monos are larger usually, monos have vacuoles and appear fluffier

51
Q

Normal white count.

A

6000-17000 wbc/uL

52
Q

Production of white blood cells

A

Production of wbc

53
Q

Neutrophils have what color granules?

A

Purple

53
Q

What color granules do basophils have?

A

Blue

54
Q

What color granules do eosinophils have?

A

Red

55
Q

What are agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes, lymphocytes

56
Q

Where do white blood cells come from?

A

Bone marrow

57
Q

Where do wbcs perform their job?

A

Tissues

58
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Find inflammation, find infection, provide immunity, help destroy clots, prevents or destroys abnormal or unwanted cells

59
Q

What does a band neutrophil look like?

A

A horseshoe

60
Q

What is a right shift?

A

A lot of old neutrophils

61
Q

Hypersegmentation can be caused from….

A

Not making our slide right away — old blood

62
Q

After lymphocytes mature, they can become….

A

T cells or B cells

63
Q

What do T cells do?

A

They are the memory cells- create anitbodies

64
Q

How long can T cells live?

A

4-20 years

65
Q

How long do B cells live?

A

3-4 days

66
Q

This type of cell has a very large nucleus.

A

Lymphocytes

67
Q

The only cells that we should worry if there is a decrease.

A

Lymphocytes

68
Q

An abnormal finding of more immature neutrophils called bands.

A

Left shift

69
Q

What causes a left shift?

A

Severe inflammatory diseases

70
Q

Often seen when there is a left shift.

A

Toxic change

71
Q

Toxic change could be…

A

Increased basophilia, cytoplasmic foaminess, Dohle bodies in the cytoplasm

72
Q

What color appears more prevalent during toxic change?

A

Blue

73
Q

He nucleus and the cytoplasm are not maturing at the same speed.

A

Toxic change

74
Q

Case of hypersegmentstion.

A

Right shift

75
Q

Two causes of right shift.

A

Problem with blood smear, cells stay in the circulatory system too long

76
Q

Reactive lymphocytes.

A

Immunocytes

77
Q

Can be irregularly shaped lymphocytes.

A

Reactive lymphocytes

78
Q

Looks like a reactive lymphocytes.

A

Atypical lymphocytes

79
Q

Can be seen with severe infections.

A

Bacteria within the cells

80
Q

Difference between myelocyte and metamyelocyte?

A

Metamyelocyte is more mature, you can tell what it’ll be

81
Q

Normal dog neutrophil count.

A

60-77%

82
Q

Normal dog banded neutrophil count.

A

0-3%

83
Q

Normal dog lymphocyte count.

A

12-30%

84
Q

Normal dog monocyte count.

A

2-10%

85
Q

Normal dog eosinophil count?

A

1-10%

86
Q

Normal cat neutrophil count.

A

35-75%

87
Q

Normal cat banded neutrophil count.

A

0-3%

88
Q

Normal cat lymphocyte count.

A

20-55%

89
Q

Normal cat monocyte count.

A

1-4%

90
Q

Normal cat eosinophil count.

A

2-12%

91
Q

Normal total of WBCs.

A

6,000-70,000 WBC/uL

Hematology (15 decks)

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