White Blood Cells Flashcards
Increase of wbcs count is called?
Leukocytosis
Decrease of all wbc count is called?
Leukopenia
General function of wbc?
Control inflammation, control bacteria, provide Immunity, help blood clot or help destroy clots and unwanted clots
What is a white blood cell estimate?
40 power, count number of wbcs per field for ten fields, divide total from 10 fields by 10, multiply by 2000=== wbc/microliter (uL)
What is a myloblast and promyelocyte?
A large cell with blue cytoplasm and granules
Three types of granulocytes?
Eosinophils, neutrophil, basophils
Difference between by locate and metmyelocyte?
Metmyelocyte is normal size with a more abundant cytoplasm, normal size nucleus with chromatin
Most common immature cell we see in dogs?
Band neutrophil
Horseshoe shape neutrophil.
Band neutrophil
Has 3-5 lobes neutrophil
A mature neutrophil
Where are neutrophils produced then stored?
Bone marrow
What happens in the neutrophil proliferating pool.
Cell division
What happens in the neutrophil maturation pool?
Maturing not dividing
What is stored in the storage pool?
Mature neutrophil
What is mnp?
Marginal neutrophil pool- stuck to walls, waiting to help
What is found in the circulating neutrophil pool?
On the look out for bad things
First line of defense.
Neutrophils in tissues
How do neutrophils rid the body of bad things?
Phago and pino cytosis
Old neutrophil.
Hyper-segmented neutrophil
Number one cell in circulating blood in cats and dogs.
Segmented neutrophil (mature)
Life span of mature neutrophil.
7-14 hours
The most common Immature cell in dogs?
Band neutrophil
Left shift?
Greater than 5% band cells after your final count (lots of Immature cell)
Why do left shifts happen?
Increased need for neutrophils
More than five segments.
Hyper segmented (right shift)
Why do we see hypersegmentstion?
We left it in a coagulant for too long, b12 deficiency
Causes of neutrophilia?
Muscle activity, bacterial infections, leukemia types
Causes of neutropenia?
Viral infection, bacteria infections, nutritional deficiencies
Where are lymphocytes found.
In the pleuripotent cell
Second most common cell in circulating blood?
Lymphocytes
Two types of lymphocytes?
Small and medium/large
Round cell, smaller than neutrophils, round to oval nucleus.
Small lymphocytes
Bizarre shaped lymphocytes
Large/medium lymphocytes.
Small lymphocytes can we confused with….
Rbcs
Functions of lymphocytes?
T cells- memory cells, B cells- immune surveillance
Third or fourth most common cell in circulating blood?
Monocytes
Largest cell!
Monocytes
Functions of monocytes?
Provide immunity, “garbage eater”
Once a monocytes leaves the bloodstream what is it called?
Macrophage
What causes mono cytosis?
Inflammatory diseases, infections, fevers, obstructions,
Third or fourth most common cell in blood?
Eosinophils
Where are eosinophils found?
Intestinal lining, uterus, respiratory tract, skin
For each eo in the blood, how many are in the tissue?
300
Eosinophil function?
Engulf bacteria
What causes eosinophilia?
Paratism, allergies
Rare cell found in circulating blood?
Basophils
Most common in horses.
Basophils
Causes of basophilia?
Heartworm, allergies, cushings, leukemia
Difference between eosinophils and basophils?
Basophils are darker
Difference between monocytes and lymphocytes?
Monos are larger usually, monos have vacuoles and appear fluffier
Normal white count.
6000-17000 wbc/uL
Production of white blood cells
Production of wbc
Neutrophils have what color granules?
Purple
What color granules do basophils have?
Blue
What color granules do eosinophils have?
Red
What are agranulocytes?
Monocytes, lymphocytes
Where do white blood cells come from?
Bone marrow
Where do wbcs perform their job?
Tissues
What do white blood cells do?
Find inflammation, find infection, provide immunity, help destroy clots, prevents or destroys abnormal or unwanted cells
What does a band neutrophil look like?
A horseshoe
What is a right shift?
A lot of old neutrophils
Hypersegmentation can be caused from….
Not making our slide right away — old blood
After lymphocytes mature, they can become….
T cells or B cells
What do T cells do?
They are the memory cells- create anitbodies
How long can T cells live?
4-20 years
How long do B cells live?
3-4 days
This type of cell has a very large nucleus.
Lymphocytes
The only cells that we should worry if there is a decrease.
Lymphocytes
An abnormal finding of more immature neutrophils called bands.
Left shift
What causes a left shift?
Severe inflammatory diseases
Often seen when there is a left shift.
Toxic change
Toxic change could be…
Increased basophilia, cytoplasmic foaminess, Dohle bodies in the cytoplasm
What color appears more prevalent during toxic change?
Blue
He nucleus and the cytoplasm are not maturing at the same speed.
Toxic change
Case of hypersegmentstion.
Right shift
Two causes of right shift.
Problem with blood smear, cells stay in the circulatory system too long
Reactive lymphocytes.
Immunocytes
Can be irregularly shaped lymphocytes.
Reactive lymphocytes
Looks like a reactive lymphocytes.
Atypical lymphocytes
Can be seen with severe infections.
Bacteria within the cells
Difference between myelocyte and metamyelocyte?
Metamyelocyte is more mature, you can tell what it’ll be
Normal dog neutrophil count.
60-77%
Normal dog banded neutrophil count.
0-3%
Normal dog lymphocyte count.
12-30%
Normal dog monocyte count.
2-10%
Normal dog eosinophil count?
1-10%
Normal cat neutrophil count.
35-75%
Normal cat banded neutrophil count.
0-3%
Normal cat lymphocyte count.
20-55%
Normal cat monocyte count.
1-4%
Normal cat eosinophil count.
2-12%
Normal total of WBCs.
6,000-70,000 WBC/uL
