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Hematology > Chemistries > Flashcards

Chemistries Flashcards

1
Q

What do we look for with blood chemistries?

A

Waste, drugs, toxic substances, cell damage indication, non functional metabolites, substances with biological functions

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2
Q

Why do we test chemistries?

A

Screening, rule out or confirm disease, monitor disease, preanesthetic, monitor organ function (liver, kidney), emergency medicine

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3
Q

What tube is used for chemistries?

A

Green top

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4
Q

Must separate plasma within ______ hour(s)

A

One

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5
Q

What we Check for in liver.

A

Carbohydrate metabolism, plasma protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, storage

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6
Q

Two enzymes found in the cytoplasm of the liver.

A

ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase)

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7
Q

AST and ALT is associated to…

A

Superficial cell damage

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8
Q

Two enzymes found in deeper structures.

A

ALKP (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase)

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9
Q

Less than 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.

A

Mild elevation

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10
Q

Over 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.

A

Severe elevation

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11
Q

Liver health indicators.

A

Albumin, glucose, clotting factors, cholesterol

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12
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Blocked bile duct.

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13
Q

Hypocholesterolnemia

A

Hepatic failure

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14
Q

From breakdown of hemoglobin.

A

Total bilirubin

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15
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gall bladder dysfunction, I’ll duct destruction, liver disease that causes inability to process bile (jaundice)

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16
Q

Responsible for fat absorption

A

Bile acids

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17
Q

What is total protein used to access?

A

Hydration, nutrition, liver function (serum proteins made in the liver)

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18
Q

Forms the matrix of clots

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

What do we need our kidneys for?

A

Water, electrolyte, ph balance, eliminates waste, productions of hormones, stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoietin)

20
Q

Values associated with kidneys.

A

Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine

21
Q

And end product of protein metabolism exceeded by the kidneys

A

Urea

22
Q

Increase BUN level.

A

Renal insufficiency, dehydration, strenuous exercise

23
Q

By product of muscle metabolism.

A

Creat

24
Q

Prices hormones including insulin.

A

Pancreas

25
Q

Produced by liver , controlled by pancreas

A

Glucose (GLU)

26
Q

Diabetes mellitus (increased glucose)

A

Hyperglycemia

27
Q

Low glucose,

A

Hypoglycemia

28
Q

Breaks down starches and sugars.

A

Amylase (AMYL)

29
Q

Breaks down long chain fatty acids and lipids

A

Lipase (LIPA)

30
Q

What is a snap (cPL) used for?

A

Checks lipase (pancreatitis)

31
Q

Gives and a 1-2 week glucose bound to albumin.

A

Fructosamine (FRUCT)

32
Q

Help maintain water balance, osmotic pressure, muscle and nervous function

A

Electrolytes

33
Q

First indication of dehydration.

A

Electrolytes

34
Q

Most common intracellular cation

A

Potassium K

35
Q

50% found in bones.

A

Magnesium Mg

36
Q

99% located in bones.

A

Calcium

37
Q

Inversely related to calcium

A

Phosphorus

38
Q

Normal ph of the body

A

7.4

39
Q

What does a chemistry measure?

A

Proteins and chemicals

40
Q

How long after drawing blood do we have to run a chemistry?

A

One hour or glucose is affected

41
Q

What affects glucose?

A

Contact with red cells, stress

42
Q

What electrolyte is most common intracellular cation?

A

Potassium

43
Q

What electrolyte is most common extracelluar cation?

A

Sodium

44
Q

What three things make up total protein?

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

45
Q

What cause glucose uria?

A

Glucose gets too high and the kidneys to filter out so it dumps out and ends up in the bloodstream and therefore the urine.

46
Q

What does globulin do?

A

Moves hormone around

Hematology (15 decks)

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