Chemistries Flashcards
What do we look for with blood chemistries?
Waste, drugs, toxic substances, cell damage indication, non functional metabolites, substances with biological functions
Why do we test chemistries?
Screening, rule out or confirm disease, monitor disease, preanesthetic, monitor organ function (liver, kidney), emergency medicine
What tube is used for chemistries?
Green top
Must separate plasma within ______ hour(s)
One
What we Check for in liver.
Carbohydrate metabolism, plasma protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, storage
Two enzymes found in the cytoplasm of the liver.
ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase)
AST and ALT is associated to…
Superficial cell damage
Two enzymes found in deeper structures.
ALKP (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase)
Less than 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.
Mild elevation
Over 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.
Severe elevation
Liver health indicators.
Albumin, glucose, clotting factors, cholesterol
Hypercholesterolemia
Blocked bile duct.
Hypocholesterolnemia
Hepatic failure
From breakdown of hemoglobin.
Total bilirubin
Hyperbilirubinemia
Gall bladder dysfunction, I’ll duct destruction, liver disease that causes inability to process bile (jaundice)
Responsible for fat absorption
Bile acids
What is total protein used to access?
Hydration, nutrition, liver function (serum proteins made in the liver)
Forms the matrix of clots
Fibrinogen
What do we need our kidneys for?
Water, electrolyte, ph balance, eliminates waste, productions of hormones, stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoietin)
Values associated with kidneys.
Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine
And end product of protein metabolism exceeded by the kidneys
Urea
Increase BUN level.
Renal insufficiency, dehydration, strenuous exercise
By product of muscle metabolism.
Creat
Prices hormones including insulin.
Pancreas
Produced by liver , controlled by pancreas
Glucose (GLU)
Diabetes mellitus (increased glucose)
Hyperglycemia
Low glucose,
Hypoglycemia
Breaks down starches and sugars.
Amylase (AMYL)
Breaks down long chain fatty acids and lipids
Lipase (LIPA)
What is a snap (cPL) used for?
Checks lipase (pancreatitis)
Gives and a 1-2 week glucose bound to albumin.
Fructosamine (FRUCT)
Help maintain water balance, osmotic pressure, muscle and nervous function
Electrolytes
First indication of dehydration.
Electrolytes
Most common intracellular cation
Potassium K
50% found in bones.
Magnesium Mg
99% located in bones.
Calcium
Inversely related to calcium
Phosphorus
Normal ph of the body
7.4
What does a chemistry measure?
Proteins and chemicals
How long after drawing blood do we have to run a chemistry?
One hour or glucose is affected
What affects glucose?
Contact with red cells, stress
What electrolyte is most common intracellular cation?
Potassium
What electrolyte is most common extracelluar cation?
Sodium
What three things make up total protein?
Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
What cause glucose uria?
Glucose gets too high and the kidneys to filter out so it dumps out and ends up in the bloodstream and therefore the urine.
What does globulin do?
Moves hormone around
