Chemistries Flashcards

1
Q

What do we look for with blood chemistries?

A

Waste, drugs, toxic substances, cell damage indication, non functional metabolites, substances with biological functions

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2
Q

Why do we test chemistries?

A

Screening, rule out or confirm disease, monitor disease, preanesthetic, monitor organ function (liver, kidney), emergency medicine

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3
Q

What tube is used for chemistries?

A

Green top

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4
Q

Must separate plasma within ______ hour(s)

A

One

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5
Q

What we Check for in liver.

A

Carbohydrate metabolism, plasma protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, storage

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6
Q

Two enzymes found in the cytoplasm of the liver.

A

ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase)

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7
Q

AST and ALT is associated to…

A

Superficial cell damage

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8
Q

Two enzymes found in deeper structures.

A

ALKP (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase)

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9
Q

Less than 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.

A

Mild elevation

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10
Q

Over 2-4 times the high end of the reference range.

A

Severe elevation

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11
Q

Liver health indicators.

A

Albumin, glucose, clotting factors, cholesterol

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12
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Blocked bile duct.

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13
Q

Hypocholesterolnemia

A

Hepatic failure

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14
Q

From breakdown of hemoglobin.

A

Total bilirubin

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15
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gall bladder dysfunction, I’ll duct destruction, liver disease that causes inability to process bile (jaundice)

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16
Q

Responsible for fat absorption

A

Bile acids

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17
Q

What is total protein used to access?

A

Hydration, nutrition, liver function (serum proteins made in the liver)

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18
Q

Forms the matrix of clots

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

What do we need our kidneys for?

A

Water, electrolyte, ph balance, eliminates waste, productions of hormones, stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoietin)

20
Q

Values associated with kidneys.

A

Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine

21
Q

And end product of protein metabolism exceeded by the kidneys

22
Q

Increase BUN level.

A

Renal insufficiency, dehydration, strenuous exercise

23
Q

By product of muscle metabolism.

24
Q

Prices hormones including insulin.

25
Produced by liver , controlled by pancreas
Glucose (GLU)
26
Diabetes mellitus (increased glucose)
Hyperglycemia
27
Low glucose,
Hypoglycemia
28
Breaks down starches and sugars.
Amylase (AMYL)
29
Breaks down long chain fatty acids and lipids
Lipase (LIPA)
30
What is a snap (cPL) used for?
Checks lipase (pancreatitis)
31
Gives and a 1-2 week glucose bound to albumin.
Fructosamine (FRUCT)
32
Help maintain water balance, osmotic pressure, muscle and nervous function
Electrolytes
33
First indication of dehydration.
Electrolytes
34
Most common intracellular cation
Potassium K
35
50% found in bones.
Magnesium Mg
36
99% located in bones.
Calcium
37
Inversely related to calcium
Phosphorus
38
Normal ph of the body
7.4
39
What does a chemistry measure?
Proteins and chemicals
40
How long after drawing blood do we have to run a chemistry?
One hour or glucose is affected
41
What affects glucose?
Contact with red cells, stress
42
What electrolyte is most common intracellular cation?
Potassium
43
What electrolyte is most common extracelluar cation?
Sodium
44
What three things make up total protein?
Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
45
What cause glucose uria?
Glucose gets too high and the kidneys to filter out so it dumps out and ends up in the bloodstream and therefore the urine.
46
What does globulin do?
Moves hormone around