Which Vaccine to Use

Question 1

Parenteral Routes of Administration

Answer 1

Intramuscular
Intranasal
Submucosal
Intradermal
Subcutaneous

Question 2

Pros and cons of intramuscular administration

Answer 2

+ Most common
+ Relatively easy
- Some pathogens enter via mucosal surfaces so need vaccine to be administered to this site
- Not good for vaccinating on mass

Question 3

Pros and cons of intranasal administration

Answer 3

+ Some pathogens enter via mucosal surfaces
+ Live attenuated vaccine must be administered where it would naturally enter the body to make it more efficacious
- May not all go into nose - can be sneeze/swallowed
- Not good for vaccinating on mass

Question 4

Pros and cons of Intradermal vaccinations

Answer 4

+ Lots of dendritic cells surveying skin
+ important route of entry for pathogens
- Need to use a specific gun to get the right depth
- Not good for vaccinating on mass

Question 5

Oral routes of administration examples

Answer 5

Adding to water for swine and poultry
Immersion in water for fish
Spray for chickens

Question 6

Pros and cons of oral routes of administration

Answer 6

+ Good for vaccinating on mass
+ Leads to herd immunity
- Cant control dose each animal is getting

Question 7

BSAVA Core Dog vaccines

Answer 7

• Canine distemper virus (CDV)
• Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV)
• Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV)
• Leptospira interogans (not core for WSAVA)

Question 8

BSAVA Non-Core Dog vaccines

Answer 8

Kennel cough
* Bordetella bronchiseptica
* Canine parainfluenza virus
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leishmaniasis
Canine herpesvirus
Rabies virus (compulsory when travelling)

Question 9

What does the kennel cough vaccine protect against?

Answer 9

• Bordetella bronchiseptica
• Canine parainfluenza virus
• Canine adenovirus type 2

Question 10

BSAVA Core Cat vaccines

Answer 10

Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV1)
Feline calicivirus (FCV)

Question 11

BSAVA Non-core Cat Vaccines

Answer 11

Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb)
Chlamydophila felis
Rabies (compulsory when travelling)

Question 12

What is ‘cat flu’?

Answer 12

Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (FURTD)
* Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV1)
* Feline calicivirus (FCV)

Highly infectious

Question 13

Rabbit vaccines

Answer 13

Myxomatosis
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (type 1&2)

Question 14

Ferrets

Answer 14

Rabies when travelling
Canine distemper virus (but not licensed in ferrets)

Question 15

Equine vaccines

Answer 15

Equine influenza
Equine arteritis (in breeding stock)
Equine here’s virus
Strangles

Question 16

Rules on equine vaccines

Answer 16

Depends on use of animal
* Competition animals will have to abide by regulations by racing body
* Some liveries may have requirements

Question 17

Benefits of using one vaccine supplier

Answer 17

Manufactures will have decided which can be given in combination
reduces number of visits required

Question 18

DIVA

Answer 18

Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals
* Recombinant or vector delivered vaccines allow for DIVA
* Test for a pathogen protein that isn’t present in vaccine

CAN’T USE DIVA WITH WHOLE PATHOGEN VACCINATIONS
Diagnostic test for antibodies to protein not present in vaccine