Immune System Revision

Question 1

What Cells are involved in the Cell mediated Immune System

Answer 1

T cells

Question 2

What are the sub categories of Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

Cell Mediated
Humoral

Question 3

What to Naive T cells differentiate into?

Answer 3

T helper
T regulatory
T cytotoxic

Question 4

What cells are involved in humoral immunity?

Answer 4

B cells

Question 5

What do B cells differentiate into?

Answer 5

Clonal B then memory cells
Plasma Cells

Question 6

What do plasma cells do?

Answer 6

Release antibodies
Stimulate complement cascade

Question 7

Macrophage function

Answer 7

• Phagocytosis
• Secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines
  ○ Immune recruitment
• Tissue repair
• Clear debris

Question 8

Neutrophil function

Answer 8

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Mast Cell function

Answer 9

Release histamine
Release other cytokines

Question 10

What does histamine do?

Answer 10

Increases vessel permability
Increases inflammation

Question 11

What is the function of the complement system?

Answer 11

○ Enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells
○ Promotes inflammation
○ Attacks the pathogen’s cell membrane

Question 12

What does the complement system lead to?

Answer 12

○ Stimulation of phagocytes to clear foreign and damaged material
○ Inflammation to attract additional phagocytes
○ Activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex

Question 13

CD4+ Cell

Answer 13

T helper cell

Question 14

CD8+ Cell

Answer 14

Cytotoxic T cell

Question 15

MHC

Answer 15

Major histocompatibility complex receptor found on other cells
Binds to T cell receptor to form immune complex

Question 16

What is Cell mediated immunity?

Answer 16

Does NOT involve antbodies
Activation of cytotoxic T cells and release of cytokines in response to antigens
Cytotoxic T cell binds to MCH-1 receptor via T cell receptor
* This triggers release of cytokines and leads to destruction of foreign cells via granules

Question 17

IgG

Answer 17

Found in serum

Question 18

IgA

Answer 18

Found at mucosal surfaces

Question 19

IgM

Answer 19

B cell receptor Ig

Question 20

IgE

Answer 20

Allergic response

Question 21

Epitope

Answer 21

Antigen binding site on an antibody
Variable region of antibody

Question 22

Functions of Antibodies

Answer 22

• Neutralisation of microbes and toxins
  
  • Opsonisation and phagocytosis of microbes
  • Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • Lysis of microbes
  • Phagocytosis of microbes opsonized with complement fragments
  • Inflammation

Question 23

Direct ELISA

Answer 23

Uses antibodies to detect specific antigen in a sample

Question 24

Indirect ELISA

Answer 24

Used to detect specific antibody in a sample

Question 25

Sandwich ELISA

Answer 25

Uses and antibody pair to detect specific antigen

Question 26

Competitive ELISA

Answer 26

Sample antigen competes with labelled antigen for antibody biding site