Immune System Revision Flashcards
What Cells are involved in the Cell mediated Immune System
T cells
What are the sub categories of Adaptive Immunity
Cell Mediated
Humoral
What to Naive T cells differentiate into?
T helper
T regulatory
T cytotoxic
What cells are involved in humoral immunity?
B cells
What do B cells differentiate into?
Clonal B then memory cells
Plasma Cells
What do plasma cells do?
Release antibodies
Stimulate complement cascade
Macrophage function
- Phagocytosis
- Secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines
○ Immune recruitment - Tissue repair
- Clear debris
Neutrophil function
Phagocytosis
Mast Cell function
Release histamine
Release other cytokines
What does histamine do?
Increases vessel permability
Increases inflammation
What is the function of the complement system?
○ Enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells
○ Promotes inflammation
○ Attacks the pathogen’s cell membrane
What does the complement system lead to?
○ Stimulation of phagocytes to clear foreign and damaged material
○ Inflammation to attract additional phagocytes
○ Activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex
CD4+ Cell
T helper cell
CD8+ Cell
Cytotoxic T cell
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex receptor found on other cells
Binds to T cell receptor to form immune complex
What is Cell mediated immunity?
Does NOT involve antbodies
Activation of cytotoxic T cells and release of cytokines in response to antigens
Cytotoxic T cell binds to MCH-1 receptor via T cell receptor
* This triggers release of cytokines and leads to destruction of foreign cells via granules
IgG
Found in serum
IgA
Found at mucosal surfaces
IgM
B cell receptor Ig
IgE
Allergic response
Epitope
Antigen binding site on an antibody
Variable region of antibody
Functions of Antibodies
- Neutralisation of microbes and toxins
- Opsonisation and phagocytosis of microbes
- Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Lysis of microbes
- Phagocytosis of microbes opsonized with complement fragments
- Inflammation
Direct ELISA
Uses antibodies to detect specific antigen in a sample
Indirect ELISA
Used to detect specific antibody in a sample
Sandwich ELISA
Uses and antibody pair to detect specific antigen
Competitive ELISA
Sample antigen competes with labelled antigen for antibody biding site
