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Chemistry OCR B Alevel > Whats In A Medicine? > Flashcards

Whats In A Medicine? Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

COOH

double bond to a oxygen and hydroxyl group

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2
Q

What is the functional group of a phenol?

A

A benzene ring with a hydroxide group

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3
Q

What is the functional group of an acid anhydride?

A

R-c-o-c-R
|| ||
O O

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4
Q

What is the functional group of an Ester?

A

O
||
R-C-O-R

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5
Q

What is the functijaj group of an aldehyde?

A

O
||
R-C-H

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6
Q

What is the functional group of a ketone?

A

O
||
R-C-R

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7
Q

What is the functional group of an ether?

A

R-O-R

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8
Q

What is the order of acidity of water, ethanol, carboxylic acid and phenols from weakest acidity?

A

Alcohol

Water

Phenol

Carboxylic acid

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9
Q

What two substances react with alkalis?

A

Phenols and carboxylic acid

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10
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with that phenols don’t?

A

Carbonates

Not strong enough to remove hydrogen from phenol

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11
Q

What is the test for phenols?

A

Adding iron (iii) chloride

Turns purple

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12
Q

What can phenols react with that carboxylic acids can’t and what does it form?

A

Phenols react with acid anhydrides to form esters

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13
Q

What forms what you react alcohols with carboxylic acids and what is the catalyst?

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid —

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14
Q

What forms what you oxidise a primary alcohol under distillation and what is the catalyst?

A

Aldehyde is former

Catalyst is acidified potassium dichromate

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15
Q

What forms what you oxidise a promary alcohol under reflux and what is the catalyst?

A

Carboxylic acid is made

Acidified potassium dichromate is used as a catalyst

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16
Q

What forms when you oxidise a secondary alcohol under reflux?

A

A ketone is formed

17
Q

What happens when you oxidise a tertiary alcohol?

A

Nothing

18
Q

Why do you need to use distillation to make an aldehyde?

A

You need to get it out of the oxidising solution as soon as it’s formed before it is further oxidised

19
Q

What forms when you dehydrate alcohols and what catalysts can you use?

A

Dehydrating alcohols forms alkenes

Alumina (Al2O3)

Or

Refluxing with concentrated sulfuric acid

20
Q

What can you also react with alcohol to produce an Ester?

A

Acid anhydride

More reactive and reacts completely on warming to give a much higher yield

Or carboxylic acid with concentrated HCl catalyst

21
Q

How can you form haloalkanes from alcohol?

A

Substitution reaction with halide ions

Strong acid

22
Q

What does vacuum filtration do?

A

Removes insoluble part of a mixture

23
Q

What do you use recrystilation to do?

A

Separate soluble parts of a mixture

24
Q

How do you choose the solvent used in recrystilisatin?

A

Choose a solvent which the desired product is really soluble in when hot but in soluble when cool

25
Q

What is the M+peak?

A

The molecule in a sample is bombarded with electrons, this removes an electron from the molecule to form a molecular ion M+
The molecular job peak shows the molecular mass of the compound

26
Q

What is theM+1 peak caused by?

A

The presence of 13C isotope

27
Q

What are peaks on a mass spectrometry?

A

Due to positive ions and other fragments

28
Q

What happens when specific frequencies of infrared radiation act on a bond?

A

The bond in the organic molecule vibrates

29
Q

What are the steps of recrystallisation?

A

Dissolve the substance in hot solvent

Use the minimum amount of solvent

Filter hot solution to remove minimum amount of insoluble impurities

Allow to cool/ crystallise

Filter and wash with cold ethanol and dry in oven

30
Q

Give 4 reasons why recrystallisation can have a low percentage yield?

A

Loss of product when transferring between beakers

Reaction doesn’t go to completion

Some solid remains in solution after

Loss of solid when washing the final product

31
Q

how do you remove traces of water to purify?

A

add ahydrous sodium sulphate

32
Q

how do you remove acid traces?

A

add sodium carbonate and shake in a spearating funnel

Chemistry OCR B Alevel (14 decks)

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