Whats In A Medicine?

Question 1

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

COOH

double bond to a oxygen and hydroxyl group

Question 2

What is the functional group of a phenol?

Answer 2

A benzene ring with a hydroxide group

Question 3

What is the functional group of an acid anhydride?

Answer 3

R-c-o-c-R
|| ||
O O

Question 4

What is the functional group of an Ester?

Answer 4

O
||
R-C-O-R

Question 5

What is the functijaj group of an aldehyde?

Answer 5

O
||
R-C-H

Question 6

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Answer 6

O
||
R-C-R

Question 7

What is the functional group of an ether?

Answer 7

R-O-R

Question 8

What is the order of acidity of water, ethanol, carboxylic acid and phenols from weakest acidity?

Answer 8

Alcohol

Water

Phenol

Carboxylic acid

Question 9

What two substances react with alkalis?

Answer 9

Phenols and carboxylic acid

Question 10

What do carboxylic acids react with that phenols don’t?

Answer 10

Carbonates

Not strong enough to remove hydrogen from phenol

Question 11

What is the test for phenols?

Answer 11

Adding iron (iii) chloride

Turns purple

Question 12

What can phenols react with that carboxylic acids can’t and what does it form?

Answer 12

Phenols react with acid anhydrides to form esters

Question 13

What forms what you react alcohols with carboxylic acids and what is the catalyst?

Answer 13

Alcohol + carboxylic acid —

Question 14

What forms what you oxidise a primary alcohol under distillation and what is the catalyst?

Answer 14

Aldehyde is former

Catalyst is acidified potassium dichromate

Question 15

What forms what you oxidise a promary alcohol under reflux and what is the catalyst?

Answer 15

Carboxylic acid is made

Acidified potassium dichromate is used as a catalyst

Question 16

What forms when you oxidise a secondary alcohol under reflux?

Answer 16

A ketone is formed

Question 17

What happens when you oxidise a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 17

Nothing

Question 18

Why do you need to use distillation to make an aldehyde?

Answer 18

You need to get it out of the oxidising solution as soon as it’s formed before it is further oxidised

Question 19

What forms when you dehydrate alcohols and what catalysts can you use?

Answer 19

Dehydrating alcohols forms alkenes

Alumina (Al2O3)

Or

Refluxing with concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 20

What can you also react with alcohol to produce an Ester?

Answer 20

Acid anhydride

More reactive and reacts completely on warming to give a much higher yield

Or carboxylic acid with concentrated HCl catalyst

Question 21

How can you form haloalkanes from alcohol?

Answer 21

Substitution reaction with halide ions

Strong acid

Question 22

What does vacuum filtration do?

Answer 22

Removes insoluble part of a mixture

Question 23

What do you use recrystilation to do?

Answer 23

Separate soluble parts of a mixture

Question 24

How do you choose the solvent used in recrystilisatin?

Answer 24

Choose a solvent which the desired product is really soluble in when hot but in soluble when cool

Question 25

What is the M+peak?

Answer 25

The molecule in a sample is bombarded with electrons, this removes an electron from the molecule to form a molecular ion M+ The molecular job peak shows the molecular mass of the compound

Question 26

What is theM+1 peak caused by?

Answer 26

The presence of 13C isotope

Question 27

What are peaks on a mass spectrometry?

Answer 27

Due to positive ions and other fragments

Question 28

What happens when specific frequencies of infrared radiation act on a bond?

Answer 28

The bond in the organic molecule vibrates

Question 29

What are the steps of recrystallisation?

Answer 29

Dissolve the substance in hot solvent Use the minimum amount of solvent Filter hot solution to remove minimum amount of insoluble impurities Allow to cool/ crystallise Filter and wash with cold ethanol and dry in oven

Question 30

Give 4 reasons why recrystallisation can have a low percentage yield?

Answer 30

Loss of product when transferring between beakers Reaction doesn’t go to completion Some solid remains in solution after Loss of solid when washing the final product

Question 31

how do you remove traces of water to purify?

Answer 31

add ahydrous sodium sulphate

Question 32

how do you remove acid traces?

Answer 32

add sodium carbonate and shake in a spearating funnel