Chemical Industry Flashcards
Define rate of reaction
The change in the amount of reactants or products per unit of time
What is the rate constant? What can change it?
The k in rate=k (a)^m(b)^n
Affected by temperature
What is the order of a reaction?
The power of the concentration term in rate equation
What is the rate equation?
Rate = k(a)^m(b)^n
What is the half life of a reaction?
Time taken for a reactant to halve in quantity
What is the half life for first order?
Constant
What happens to the half life in zero order?
Decreases- straight line down
What happens to half life for second order?
It increases
What is the equation to calculate the rate constant of a first order reaction using half life’s?
K=ln2/half life
What is the gradient of the arenius equation?
-Ea/R
What is the intercept of the Arrhenius equation?
LnA
What is the rate determining step?
The slowest step in a multi step reaction
What must be in the rate determining step?
Anything in the rate equation
How can you predict the rate equation from the rate determining step?
The order of reaction with respect to a reactant shows the number of molecules of that reactant involved in the rate determining step
What can change Kc?
Temperature
What does adding a catalyst do to position of equilibrium?
Nothing
how can you tell what is in the rate equarion?
any reactants introduced in or before the rate determining step
what is the test for nitrate(v)?
warm with dervardas alloy and NaOH - ammonia gas evovles
what is the test for ammonium?
warm with NaOH - ammonia gas evolves
what is the 3 names of N2O?
nitrogen (i) oxide
dinitrogen monoxide
nitrous oxide
what are the 3 names of NO?
nitrogen (ii) oxide
nitrogen monoxide
nitric oxide
what are the 2 names of NO2?
nitrogen (iv) oxide
nitrogen dioxide
what appearance is N2O?
colourless gas
what is the appearance of NO?
COLOURLESS GAS - laughing gas has a sweet smell
what is the appearance of NO2?
BROWN GAS - sharp odour and toxic
how do you get from NO3- (NITRATE (V)) to nitrogen gas?
2NO3- + 12H+ + 10e-
how do you get from nitrite to nitrate?
NO2- + H2O
how do you get from NH4+ to NO2-
NH4+ + O2
how do you get from nitrgoen to ammonia?
N2+3H2
How do you get from nitrogen to NO?
N2 + O2 ——-> 2NO
how di you get from nitrogrn to NO2?
N2 + 2O2 ——-> 2NO2
How do you get from nitrogen to N2O?
2N2+O2——–> 2N2O
