Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Linguistics > What Is Linguistics > Flashcards

What Is Linguistics Flashcards

1
Q

Linguistics is the ____ study of language.

A

Scientific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There is a difference between a __( who knows many languages) and a ___ ( who studies characters and behaviours of language with reference to one or more).

A

Polyglot, linguist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In earlier times, study of language was only for classical ones like __. Today all langauges are considered fit to study.

A

Latin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Science is used for?

A

Systematic study of phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Empirical science is done by__

A

Examining publically verifiable data obtained through observing phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Empirical science is consistent ie ? And economical ie?

A

Consistent - no contradiction of info/ economical- precise, short statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Langauge follows observation ie?

A

It can be felt with the senses(heard with the ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In empirical sciences, observation and experimentation are inductive process - what is it? It is Western tradition

A

When a data is collected without any preconceived notion, observed and then a theory made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is rationalism or deductive process?

A

When a preconceived notion is proved by applying it to the data in observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to reconcile rationalism and empiricism for linguistic study?

A

There are aspects of language giving objective and verifiable data. We create a theory to explain this data ,which we modify as we move forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Linguistics cannot always be treated objectively because it is a ____ with humans also linked.

A

Social behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linguistics was only regarded as a seperate area of study in __ century. Before that it was part of studying history or philosophy of language.

A

20th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Linguistics is a modern name for when we study language as a___& ___ system in its own right.

It was necessary at starting to set down its boundaries but now we recognise its scope overlaps.

A

Self enclosed, autonomous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is descriptive Linguistics?

A

Describes a language as used as speakers at a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ is the fundamental unit of modern linguistics which contrasts with ___ linguistics of early times

A

Description , prescriptive linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In descriptive linguistics, the language is systematically described at all levels ie phonology, semnatics. It is based on a ____approach

A

Structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Historical linguistics?

A

Studies how languages change from time periods and the causes, results of the changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A ___ description is non historical and a ___ description traces historical development.

A

Synchronic, diachronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Compatitive linguistics compares 2 or more languages. When the history of these languages are compared to discover their relation it is called ___

A

comparative historical linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Comparative historical linguistics was dominant in__

A

19th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Modern language are said to descend from ancient ones (say L)– from which languages develop is a ___ or ___. Languages that develop from L (L1, L2 ETC) are ___. All these together form a ____.

A

Parent or proto langauge, sister languages, language family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Proto Indo European is a langauge family consisting __

A

Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, German

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proto langauges are reconstructed by linguists from material recovered. They make lists of words from different languages and study ___between them to build ___.

A

Sound correspondences, cognates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A cognate is with Eg?(2 pts)

A

1) A word related genetically to other words forming a set.
2) However there is also sound change showing different languages.
Eg Frater, Bhrata, Brother- Latin, Sanskrit, English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

To study language we subdivide it into a ___ structure. This means it’s made of units that subdivide into smallest unit finally, the phoneme.

A

Hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Phonemes combine to form ___, which make words, and words make ____, which make a __.

A

Morphemes, sentences, Discourse

27
Q

At each level of linguistics there are certain rules allowing occurence of smaller units. Each level is a system in its own right so it can be analysed ___(dependently/independently)

A

Independently

28
Q

In earlier studies it was believed phonology and semantics had no linkage– now we know there are complex linkages between levels (true/false)

A

True

29
Q

What is Phonetics?( 4 pts)

A

Studies langauges at the sound level, how they are articulated through speech, recieved by auditory mechanism, and distinguished

30
Q

What is phonology? (2 pts)

A

Studies combination of sounds into organised units of speech, classification is done based on distinctive contrasted unit– the phoeneme

31
Q

What is Morphology?(3 pts)

A

Studies patterns of formation of words, by combining sounds into minimal units of meaning called morphemes, words can be made of single morphemes or many

32
Q

What is syntax? (2 pts)

A

Level of study where words form phrases;phrases clauses; clauses sentences, also involves rules of positioning in sentence.

33
Q

What is semantics?( 3pts)

A

Level of study dealing with structure of meaning in language, tries to show relations of meaning by making categories, analysing the abstract

34
Q

What is pragmatics?(3 pts)

A

Considers utterances, An extension of semantics, deals with context aspect of semantics in situations

35
Q

What is discourse? What is cohesion in discourse?

A

Study of language bigger than a single sentence, cohesion is the relation established in a sentence by reference to its predecessors and linkers

36
Q

What is Graphology? What is lexicology?

A

Study of writing system of a language, Study of how lexical items are grouped together in dictionaries

37
Q

Linguists differ on scope of analysis. Some consider only proper areas to be phonology, morphology, syntax- this is____. Others include other levels and more overlapping areas of human activity, this is ____.

A

Micro linguistic view, Macro linguistic view

38
Q

Like other sciences, Linguistics has a ___ aspect concerned with analysis and a ___ aspect concerned with application of that knowledge.

A

Pure/theoretical, applied aspect

39
Q

Linguistics is both related to ___ world of man’s mind and ___ world of society.

A

Inner,outer

40
Q

( Psycholinguistics) Language is a inner, mental phenomenon. psycholingustics studies what?(3 pts)

A

Studies these mental processes; 1) thoughts 2) concept formation 3) articulation in langauge

41
Q

( psycholinguistics) What is cognitive psychology?(3 pts)

A

Area which explores how messages are decoded, understood, stored

42
Q

( psycholingustics) Our perception of speech sounds or writing symbols is influenced by our ____. For eg there is a mental disability where one letter is seen as another which is___.

A

Mental state, dyslexia

43
Q

( psycholinguistics) Is also about learning of languages at various stages; the process of ____. They attempt to answer questions like whether the brain has an inbuilt ability to learn language.

A

Language acquisition

44
Q

( psycholingustics) ( learning languages) These studies are very helpful for ___ because they help teachers understand differences among learners and make syllabus accordingly.

A

Langauge teaching

45
Q

( psycholing) a specialised area in psycholing is _____ that studies the ___ basis of language and disorders such as memory loss.

A

Neurolinguistics, physiological basis

46
Q

( Psycholing) Another relation of language and mind is to LOGIC. Some ancient philosophers held that since mind =___ than language is too while others has the opposite idea of inherent ____.

A

Rational, inherent irrationality

47
Q

( Psycholing) One of the problems discussed by philosophers is?

A

Whether langauge is adequate medium for philosophical inquiry

48
Q

( Socioling) What is socioling?

A

The branch of linguistics dealing with relations between language and society.

49
Q

( Socioling) Socioling is based on the fact that language is not a homogenous entity but has different forms_____ for Eg differences in gender

A

Situationally

50
Q

( Socioling) A particular group that speaks their own variety of a language becomes a ____

A

Speech community

51
Q

( Socioling) Give example of geographical variety within a country and between countries.

A

Scottish English in Britain, Indian English-British English

52
Q

( Socioling) studies langauge variations. Varieties of a language are formed in various geographical areas. These are called ___

A

Dialects

53
Q

( Socioling) if these changes are present in same geographical region but vary due to class eg Aristocracy and lower class dialect, these are___

A

Class dialects

54
Q

( socioling) the study of dialects and their boundaries in a region is called ____. The point at which a certain feature of a language ceases to be and gives way to another is called _____ or ____.

A

Dialectology, isogloss or dialect boundary

55
Q

( Socioling) Dialects may evolve into langauges if they are ___ ie standardised written, grammar and lexical forms. This usually happens when ___

A

Codified, when a Language is given social and political importance

56
Q

( Socioling) Langauge variations can also occur due to different areas of activity where they are used. Eg and name?

A

English in science field, variation of language according to activity is called Register

57
Q

( Socioling) includes studies of attitudes to language held by ____ ie some dialects may be considered less important. It includes planning of ___ and ___ policy.

A

Social groups, langauge teaching, language policy

58
Q

(Anthroling) What is anthroling?(2 pts)

A

The evolution of langauge in human culture, its role in forming culture

59
Q

( anthroling) the structure of langauge has social and cultural basis. Each culture_______, giving names to objects, suppressing some areas and uplifting others.

A

Organises the world in its own way

60
Q

( anthroling) the study of these specific cultural elements relating to language is ____. A specific way of communicating in a culture is thus studied as ____.

A

Ethnography, ethnography of communication

61
Q

( anthroling) who hypothesized that we dissect nature along the lines laid by native tongues( meaning we see the world according to terms of our language)?

A

Linguist BL Whorf

62
Q

( Stylistics) Stylistics has led to new ways of studying_____ texts.

A

Literary

63
Q

( Stylistics) Literary writers use langauge in their own way and create a ___. This is done by (3 pts)___.

A

Style, deviation; deliberate choice; repetiton

64
Q

( stylistics) In it we read the text closely and see how particular features such as grammar are used. We bring them all together in an ___ of the text. It also helps to understand how (2 eg) ___,__ operate in a text.

A

Interpretation , metaphor; irony

Linguistics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions