Structuralist grammar And IC Analysis Flashcards
Name some structuralists.
Sassure, Leonard Bloom
Structuralists when?
Beginning of 20th century
Grammarians looked at __ as model
Latin
Why did grammarians take Latin as model?
Because it belonged to Indo European family of languages, same as English
Grammarians felt the need to resist changes of modern English so they made ___ rules
Prescriptivist
Grammarians ignored that every language is…
Autonomous
Only standard to apply to a language is…
It’s own usage
Grammarians gave more importance to (spoken/written)
Written
Grammarians gave inadequate definition of ____
Parts of speech
Structuralist linguists based models of grammar on __ and ___ data
Observable, verifiable
Do structural linguists describe or prescribe?
Describe
Structuralist rule: ___ is primary (spoken/written)
Spoken
What comes earlier (spoken/written)?
Spoken
Structuralist rule: ___ study should be primary( synchronic/diachronic)
Synchronic
Why should synchronic study be primary?
Historical considerations are not relevant to seeing language at a particular time
Primacy of synchronic study can be explained with
Chess analogy
Each language is a system of …..
Relations, no validity independently, only when in combination
Structuralists tried to describe language in terms of ___ and look for ____ in language
Structure, look for patterns
Bloomfield associated language structure with…
Phoneme and Morpheme
IC analysis full form?
Immediate Constituent Analysis
We do IC analysis by dividing sentence until we get to…
Morpheme
IC analysis example sentence?
The young girl with an umbrella chased the boy.
How do we make the cuts in IC analysis?
By expansion
What is expansion in IC analysis?
A sequence of morphemes that patterns like another sequence is said to be an expansion of it
What is a noun phrase?(3 options)
Noun phrase may be a single noun or pronoun or a group of words that cluster around the noun
A noun phrase has in it a ___ and certain ___
Noun, modifiers
Modifiers optionally appearing before noun phrase are (7 pts)
Restrictor, pre determiner, determiner, ordinal, quantifier, classifier, adjective phrase
Determiners are words that come before a noun to show how a noun is used, and are (3 pts)
Articles, demonstratives, possessives
What is a prepositional phrase?
Noun phrase preceded by a preposition
What is verbal group?
Generally follows the noun phrase
Verbal group consists of __ and ___
Main verb, auxiliary
Auxiliary in turn is made up of ___ and any one or more of ,,_(3 pts)
The tense, and modal, perfective, progressive
What is modal?
Can, will, shall, may, must
What is perfective?
Have-en
What is progressive?
Be+ing
__ and __ are compulsory for a Verbal group
Verb, tense
What are adverbials?(4 pts)
Group of words that perform adverbs function. May consist of single word, phrase or clause. Generally specifies time, place, manner, reason. Modifies a verb, adjective or adverb.
Limitations: it is not possible to analyse some structures as ..(with example)
They don’t form proper grammatical groups eg sequence -er
Limitations: ambiguous sentences like Time flies (true/false)
True
Limitations: sentences that are structurally similar but…
Semantically different
Limitations: overlapping ICs eg He has no interest in or taste for music (true/false)
True
Limitation: Unstated elements in sentence eg Hit the ball(‘you’ missing) <true/false>
True
Limitation:IC fails to show relationships between sentence types such as…
Active and passive , statements and questions etc
