Morphology And Word Formation Flashcards
According to traditional linguistic theories, grammatical description consists of 2 parts:
Word and sentence
Word is made up of
Morphemes
What is a morpheme?
Word or part of a word with meaning
Can a morpheme be divided into smaller parts?
No
What recurs in differing grammatical environments with a stable meaning?
Morpheme
Systematic study of morphemes?
Morphology
Words that can be divided into segments are
Determinate
Indeterminate words cannot be…
Segmented
Problems of segmentation vary in..
Kind and degree
Morpheme without being segment can merely have a ___ role
Factorial
When a word is segmented, the segments are called
Morphs
Algebra form to show factorial role of morphemes
Ax:ay:az :: bx:by:bz( a and b have component of word & X y z are comparative degrees )
Morph is like ___ given by Sassure
Substance
Morpheme is like ___ given by Sassure
Form
What is a morph called when it occurs differently in different environments but belongs to the same morpheme?
Allomorph
The plural morpheme in English combines with a…
Noun morpheme
Examples under allomorphs?
Past morpheme(-ed) and present morpheme (-es)
What is a free morpheme and example?
Morpheme that can stand as independent word eg Happy in Unhappy
What’s a bound morpheme and example?
Morpheme that cannot stand as independent word and is always attached to free morpheme eg Un in Unhappy
Bound morphemes are also called ____ and are attached to a ___
Affixes, attached to base
Example for morphological analysis of word…
Unknowingly
The stem word that can’t be further split is also called…
Root
Affixes can be divided into…
Prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes appear at ___ of base
Beginning
Prefixes and suffixes can be FURTHER classified as
Inflectional and derivational
What is derivational?
When new words are formed from existing words
What is inflectional?
When change is made in words form to express its relation to other words in sentence
Derivation is ____ when new and original word both belongs to same class eg Boy and Boyhood
Class maintaining
Derivation is ____ when both new &original word belongs to different class eg Sing and Singer
Class changing
Inflectional is always __ and ___
Class maintaining and suffix
Inflectional suffixes pile up.(True/false)
False
___ goes with all stems of a given part of speech(nouns verbs etc)
Inflectional suffix
From morpheme point of view, there are 3 types of words; which are?
Simple, complex, compound
What are simple words?
Consists of a single free morpheme followed or not by inflectional suffix
What are complex words?
Consists of a base and a derivational affix
What are compound words?
They consist of two or more free stems which are independent words by themselves
Name some prefixes.(7)
Negative, number, time&order,location, degree&size, attitude, class-changing
Example of class maintaining suffix
Boy–> Boyhood( both nouns)
Example of class changing suffix
India(noun)–> Indian(adjective)
Some words can be used as different classes without any change to form of word. This is called ___
Conversion
In some words of two syllables, change of accent from first to second syllable changes a noun/adjective —>____
Verb
Some words where there’s a change of meaning of words if ____ is voiced
Final consonant
What is reduplication with example?
Some words formed out of two nearly identical elements eg Criss cross
What are clippings with example?
Some words are used in short form eg Photograph -> Photo
What are acronyms with example?
Word formed by joining together initial letters of other words eg AIDS
What are blends with example?
Two words are clipped and joined to form new word eg Brunch(Breakfast-Lunch)
What are borrowings with example?
English borrowing words from other languages it contacted. Eg Guru(Hindi)
What are inventions with example?
New words or names given to new inventions eg Sputnik
What is echoism with example?
Some words are formed by sounds suggesting their meaning eg Buzz
