What Is Globalisation?

Question 1

Globalisation definition

Answer 1

The process by which the world’s local and regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated together through a network of trade, transport and communications.

Question 2

Economic globalisation

Answer 2

The rise of growth and speed of trans national corporations (TNCs) and the rise of global economic institutions such as the IMF and the world bank.

Question 3

Cultural globalisation

Answer 3

Impact of western culture, art, media, sport and leisure pursuits on the rest of the world.

Now a multidirectional process as cultural aspects move around the world through the internet and migration.
(Hollywood rivalled by Bollywood, Nollywood)

Question 4

Political globalisation

Answer 4

Institutions like the United Nations, regional trading blocs and particularly the influence of western democracies and their influence on poor countries has resulted in political globalisation.

Question 5

Globalisation today

Answer 5

Internet > accelerated globalisation because of the flow of cultural ideas and trade. E.g. Online shopping and Social media

Points and discoveries > accelerated globalisation e.g. Discovery of America

TNCs > trans national corporations work in many different countries like McDonald’s and Starbucks.

Question 6

Examples of early globalisation

Answer 6

Silk trade > routes from turkey to china. It connected the east and west of china to the Mediterranean Sea.

Slave trade > 15-19th century - that’s why there are so many African Americans in the US

East India company > rose to half the worlds trade (silk, tea, cotton, dye, salt, opium…). The company linked India to the British empire.

Question 7

Connections between countries

Answer 7

Deepened > more links and of different types (trade, tourism, ideas, etc)

Lengthened > able to connect with further away places (Fiji, Australia)

Speeded up > make links faster (fibre optic cables on the ocean floor and internet are instant)

Question 8

Shrinking world

Answer 8

The IDEA that the world is becoming smaller.

I.e. Places are becoming nearer to each other as the links become so much easier (linked to the idea of transport)

Question 9

Space-time compression

Answer 9

The IDEA that the space is becoming smaller as places come together, thus shortening the time in terms of linking places.

Question 10

Why accelerate globalisation?

Answer 10

Trade and transport in the 19th century has lead to a “shrinking world”

Development of communications in the 20th century (phones and internet) has lowered in cost leading to a space-time compression

Question 11

Flows (capital)

Answer 11

Businesses, banks, stock markets constantly trade and transfer capital (money) on a daily basis

Question 12

Flows (commodities)

Answer 12

Raw materials (LDCs) and manufactured goods (NICs - India and China)

Question 13

Flows (ideas)

Answer 13

Internet, social media, TV, etc…

Gradually become more two way, exchange of ideas, back and forth)

Question 14

Flows (migration)

Answer 14

Face the most difficulties due to border control but immigration is still increasing…
(Remittances [sending money home] are linked to this)

Question 15

Flows (tourism)

Answer 15

Budget airlines had increased people’s ability to travel

Question 16

Interdependence

Answer 16

Flows have lead to the interdependence of places

U.K. Is reliant on Gambia for cocoa for chocolate and they rely on money in exchange

Question 17

Safaricom

Answer 17

> mobile phone provider like Vodafone, set up by M-Pesa in Kenya.
allows people to transfer credit between users
1/3 of kenyas GDP is sent through it
bills, school fees can be payed and market prices checked (fishermen)
if you have a good credit history, you can take out micro loans

Question 18

Communications (telephone)

Answer 18

Lengthened connections because people could talk to others in different countries.
Also sped up links because messages could be sent in seconds (but only small amounts of data)

Question 19

Connections (broadband)

Answer 19

Invented in late 1980s
Fibre optic cables on the sea floor allows huge amounts of data to be transmitted at once. (Greatly deepened the links as well as lengthened them)

Question 20

Communications (internet)

Answer 20

Invented in 1980s
Greatly deepened links because people could communicate around the world within seconds.
Speeded up links massively

Question 21

Connections (GPS and GIS)

Answer 21

GPS - invented in 70s
Useful for tracking stuff (car, deliveries, ground movement in earthquake zones)

GIS - enables you to see and manipulate a large amount of data very easily ( put a load of data on to a map of the UK to see crime hotspots).
Cuts out huge amounts of time being spent plotting graphs and maps

Question 22

Connections (smartphones)

Answer 22

Massively linked poor countries and has given them huge benefits.
Allows them to access the internet (online banking frees up a whole day for work because they don’t have to walk to the bank.)

Lengthens and spends up links as they begin to communicate with the world.

The increase of smartphones has benefited LDCs more than MDCs because we already had deep links around the world.