What is evolution 3A

Question 1

All species are________ ….extinction is as much a ……..

Answer 1

temporary,

extinctionis as much a part of nature as is the origin of species

Question 2

How can we explain biodiversity?

Answer 2

Evolution!

Question 3

Definition of Evolution for Bio 243

Answer 3

Change in allele frequenceies in a population over time

Question 4

Definition of Evolution for Bio 243

Answer 4

Change in allele frequenceies in a population over time

Question 5

Evolution occurs…

The time line*

Answer 5

after life has originated

Question 6

Why are bad genes retained through evolutionary processes?

Answer 6

Because mutations can still occur and change allele frequencies. Natural selection cant prevent mutations from happening but they will eventually clear it.

Question 7

George Curvier (1769-1832)

(2)

Answer 7

Found that many species have gone extinct by periodic catastrophic flooding events.

Showed large bones in USA belonged to entinct mastodons not modern elephants

Question 8

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

(2)

Answer 8

Landforms were not fixed but slowly changingg as a result of geological processes

Earth was much older than the accepted age as the formation of Earth’s crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time

Question 9

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

(3)

Answer 9

• Believed that species changed overtime (transmutation)
• Proposed Lamarckism
• living things evolved in a continuously upward direction, from dead matter, through simple to more complex forms, toward human “perfection.” Species didn’t die out in extinctions

Question 10

Lamarkism

Answer 10

Lamarckism, a theory of evolution based on the principle that physical changes in organisms during their lifetime—such as greater development of an organ or a part through increased use—could be transmitted to their offspring. Dissue would lead to atrophy and be lost/not inherited

Question 11

Thomas Mathus (1766-1834)

Answer 11

Population increase exponentially but resources go linearly. Those better abel to comepete will survive (competition and survivial of the fittest)

Question 12

Charles Darwin (4 postulates)

Answer 12

1. Individuals within a species vary
2. Some variation is inherited
3. More offspring are produced than can survive and reproduce
4. Survival and reproduction is not random but related to phenotype variation

Question 13

not heritable trait and natural selection relationship

Answer 13

You can have natural selection acting on traits that are not heritable that will lead to reproductive sucess but thats not going to be something that leads to evolution because the trait can’t be inherited

Question 14

Afred Russell Wallace (1823-1913)

Answer 14

Came up with the theory of natural selection independently of Darwin

Question 15

Charles Darwin’s idea

Answer 15

Biological evolution is change in species over time and natural selection is just such a mechanism.

Question 16

Evolution in response to natural selection is inevitable if (3)

Answer 16

1. There is variation in a trait
2. Variation is heritable
3. Some variants survive and reproduce more than others

Question 17

Evolution in response to natural selection is inevitable if (3)

Answer 17

1. There is variation in a trait
2. Variation is heritable
3. Some variants survive and reproduce more than others

Question 18

What is the driving force of biological diversity in different environments

Answer 18

natural selection

Question 19

Endemic species

Answer 19

No known relative, can only be found in a specific geographical area, such as an ecological region or country.

Question 20

Why species on Galapogos island were different then the South Americn mainland?

Answer 20

Most of the island species have had plenty of time to differemtiate from their nearest living relatives

Question 21

Adaptive radiation+ex (2)

Answer 21

a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity.

Single species will spread out through new ecosystem because there are competition, this drives some members of the species to adapt to food sources that other members cannot and this creates new species

Question 22

Natural selection

Answer 22

When there is variation within a population and organisms, and when that variation can be inherited, the variants best suited for growth and reproduction in a given environment will contribute disproportionately to the next generation

Question 23

Connection/dependance on Natural selection, ebolution and heritability

Answer 23

Natural selection can occur without heritability but evolution by natural selection cannot (unless phenotype is heritable, it is not going to lead to a change in the population)