DNA-Day 1 1A part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

genectics

A

study of heredity and variation in cells, individuals and populatiom

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2
Q

Genes (3)

A

Functional units of heredity and variation

DNA sequence involved in making RNA or protein

They make proteins. These proteins interact with each other and all sorts of chemicals in the body to build things like eye pigments/freckles.

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3
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

The study of structural and functions with genes at the molecular level

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Made up of DNA and Protein

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5
Q

What are genes made up of

A

DNA

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6
Q

Genotype (2)

A

Genes inherited by an organism

can refer to just 1 gene (ex: eye colour) or to several genes or all the gene of an organism

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7
Q

Alles+ex (2) caused by….

A

Variant forms of a gene caused by difference in DNA sequence

ex: variation in eye colour, height

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8
Q

Phenotype+4 ex (2)

A

Visible traits (dependent on genes)

ex: body plan, behaviour, illness/diseases) can also include observable characteristics in lab such as level of hormones or blood cell

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9
Q

Genome

A

Entire DNA sequence (ACTG) of an organism codes for rna as well as mRNA that make proteins

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10
Q

Where are genes found

A

on chromosomes

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11
Q

Gene expression (2) Coding gene

A

Turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein (coding genes)

turning on indicates=making mRNA=can become protein and that is a coding gene

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11
Q

Coding rNA

A

converted to proteins (mRNA)

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12
Q

Noncoding rNA(3)

A

not converted to protein

most genes r this

tRNA, ribosomal

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13
Q

Genes are the only parts in the cell that….

A

code for RNA/Proteins

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14
Q

Parts of the chromosome that dont code for mRNA or make protein

A

noncoding genes

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15
Q

Tell me the life of a gene in coding DNA (4)

A

transcribe-producing mRNA-undergo translation-proteins

16
Q

Tell me life of a gene in noncoding DNA (2)

A

transcription-produced rRNA, tRNA etc

17
Q

Protein expression
(2)

A

The Type and abundance of proteins in the cell

18
Q

Although DNA directs protein expression,….
because…

A

proteins ultimately determine the phenotype of the cell because they control every reaction in the cell

19
Q

3 main type of proteins

A

Enzymes

Structural proteins

Signaling Proteins

20
Q

Enzymes (2)

A

Protein by mRNA catalyzing the synthesis and transformation of all biomolecules

eye pigment is proteins, enzymes give colour

21
Q

Structural Proteins

A

Maintenance of cell shape

22
Q

Signaling proteins

A

hormones (bond to receptors) and receptors

23
Q

line cycle for slight variation in gene sequence results in… (3)

A

amino acid sequence in translation diff=causes diff protein= different protein expressions cause diff phenotype

24
Q

Phenotypic variation depends on (2)

A
  1. Different alleles (variation in gene sequence results in changes in amino acid sequence of proteins)
  2. Differential regulation of gene and protein expression