DNA-Day 1 1A part 1 Flashcards
genectics
study of heredity and variation in cells, individuals and populatiom
Genes (3)
Functional units of heredity and variation
DNA sequence involved in making RNA or protein
They make proteins. These proteins interact with each other and all sorts of chemicals in the body to build things like eye pigments/freckles.
Molecular Genetics
The study of structural and functions with genes at the molecular level
Chromosomes
Made up of DNA and Protein
What are genes made up of
DNA
Genotype (2)
Genes inherited by an organism
can refer to just 1 gene (ex: eye colour) or to several genes or all the gene of an organism
Alles+ex (2) caused by….
Variant forms of a gene caused by difference in DNA sequence
ex: variation in eye colour, height
Phenotype+4 ex (2)
Visible traits (dependent on genes)
ex: body plan, behaviour, illness/diseases) can also include observable characteristics in lab such as level of hormones or blood cell
Genome
Entire DNA sequence (ACTG) of an organism codes for rna as well as mRNA that make proteins
Where are genes found
on chromosomes
Gene expression (2) Coding gene
Turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein (coding genes)
turning on indicates=making mRNA=can become protein and that is a coding gene
Coding rNA
converted to proteins (mRNA)
Noncoding rNA(3)
not converted to protein
most genes r this
tRNA, ribosomal
Genes are the only parts in the cell that….
code for RNA/Proteins
Parts of the chromosome that dont code for mRNA or make protein
noncoding genes
Tell me the life of a gene in coding DNA (4)
transcribe-producing mRNA-undergo translation-proteins
Tell me life of a gene in noncoding DNA (2)
transcription-produced rRNA, tRNA etc
Protein expression
(2)
The Type and abundance of proteins in the cell
Although DNA directs protein expression,….
because…
proteins ultimately determine the phenotype of the cell because they control every reaction in the cell
3 main type of proteins
Enzymes
Structural proteins
Signaling Proteins
Enzymes (2)
Protein by mRNA catalyzing the synthesis and transformation of all biomolecules
eye pigment is proteins, enzymes give colour
Structural Proteins
Maintenance of cell shape
Signaling proteins
hormones (bond to receptors) and receptors
line cycle for slight variation in gene sequence results in… (3)
amino acid sequence in translation diff=causes diff protein= different protein expressions cause diff phenotype
Phenotypic variation depends on (2)
- Different alleles (variation in gene sequence results in changes in amino acid sequence of proteins)
- Differential regulation of gene and protein expression
