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BIOL 243 > DNA day 3 1B part 1 > Flashcards

DNA day 3 1B part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic Acids +ex(3)

A

consist of equal parts pentose sugar, Nitrogenous base, phosphate

made of long strands of nucleotides

Ex: DNA, RNA

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2
Q

2 types of sugars( each for what? )2)

A

ribose=RNA
Deoxyribose=DNA

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3
Q

monomer of nuleic acid

A

nucleotide

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4
Q

Difference between ribose and deoxyribose and what each have at the yk part (2)

A

the 5 carbon sugar in DNA is similar to RNA but DNA lacks a oxygen at the 2’ carbon

The two sugar only differ in the type of chemical group bound to the 2’ carbon. Hydroxl in ribose and hydrogen on deoxyribose

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5
Q

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

A

ACTG

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6
Q

Nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

ACGU

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7
Q

Purine +size/shape(2)

A

Adenine and Guanine

Double ringed

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8
Q

Pyrimidine+ size/shape (2)

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

single ring, smaller then purine

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9
Q

The DNA base that pairs with each other are not at cg

A

similar in shape/size

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10
Q

where does the sugar binds for purine?+ start counting N1 as

(3)

A

N9

at the NH

the one after the h2N group

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11
Q

where does the sugar binds for pyrimidine (2)

A

N1

NH

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12
Q

The difference between Thymine and Uracil

A

Thymine has an extra methyl group CH3 then Uracil

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13
Q

which base have nh2

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

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14
Q

Nucleosides

A

pentose sugar and base

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15
Q

Which base has double bond O?

A

Thymine, Guanine, Uracil, cytosine

everyone except adenine

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16
Q

deoxyribonucleosides(2)

A

deoxyribose sugar +purine/pyrimidine base
no phosphate

17
Q

Where does the sugar and base bind?

So they connect… (2)

A

base binds to c1 of deoxyribose and ribose

Conmect at c1 of sugar and N9 purine base or N1 Pyrimidine base

18
Q

Deoxycytidine is

A

deoxyribose pentose sugar+ cytosine

19
Q

Adenisine is
+ interesting diff between it and deoxyadenosine

(2)

A

Adeisine+ ribose sugar

**extra O at the c2 area of sugar

20
Q

Nucleotides are (2)

A

Nucleosides+phosphate

building block of DNA

21
Q

How is Phosphate group attached to the ribose and deoxyribose of the sugar

A

Phosphate group is attached to the Carbon 5 of the sugar and the 3’ of the adjacent nucleotide

22
Q

DNA (3)

basic unit etc

charge related (2)

A

A polymer of deoxyribonucleotides

polar molecule

Negatively charged due to phosphate in the backbone

23
Q

So how does nucleotides connect in a strand? + act that bond(3)

A

via phosphodiester bonds (COPOC)

covalent bonds

The phosphodiester bond forms between the phosphate and the c3’ of one pentose sugar and the c5’ of the other

24
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between AT?

A

2

25
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between CG?

A

3

26
Q

Chargaff’s Rule (4)

A
  1. %purines (Adenine+Guanine)=%pyrimidine (Cytosine+thymine)
  2. C+G =/ A+T
  3. ACGT are not present in equal amounts
  4. A=T C=G
27
Q

Watson and Crick after stealing Rosalind’s work concluded that (4)

A
  1. The two strands of the phosphate -pentose backbone spiraled as a double helix about a common axis
  2. The two strands run antiparallel (one strand is in the 5’-3’ while the other is 3’-5’)
  3. A purine on one strand is always paired with a pyrimidine
  4. Backbone exterior is hydrophilic and the bases interior was hydrophobic
28
Q

what keeps the base intact?

A

hydrogen bonding

29
Q

5’ is identified by

A

phosphate group

30
Q

3’ is identified by

A

hydroxl group OH

31
Q

what is the diff btwn h bond and phosphodiester bonds USE KEY WORDS DA (2)

A

H bond keeps the two DNA strands tgt in a double helix

phosphodiester bond keeps the deoxyribonucleotide in a single strand

32
Q

how to seperate the DNA strand? (2)

A

add a base/ akaline

heat it up

33
Q

How to reform two DNA molecule tgt? (2) +whats the rule before it can come tgt? (1)

A

Cool slowly or add acid

It has to be complementary for it to reform

34
Q

Complementary base pairings allows parental strands to act as

A

templates DNA replication of new strands

35
Q

How do you unwind a parental strand?

A

By breaking the H bond

36
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

The double helix contain a parental strand a newly synthesized strand

BIOL 243 (22 decks)

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