What is a plant?

Question 1

1. Know that the green algae chlorophyte / charophyte are closer to plants. (1)

Answer 1

CHAROphyte

Question 2

2. What are the three key features shared by plants? (3)

Answer 2

1. green chlorophyl pigment
2. GROWTH ft
3. REPRODUCTION ft

Question 3

(a) What resources do plants need for photosynthesis and survive? (3) Where are they? (2)

Answer 3

1. ROOT: co2 and sunlight

2. SHOOT: h20 and nutrients

Question 4

To obtain these resources, all plants have _________

Answer 4

all plants have APICAL MERISTEM which contains actively dividing
cells at the TIPS of SHOOT and ROOT. Therefore, stem grow HIGHER and root grow LOWER to
get these resources. (5)

Question 5

(a) Know the variety of sex plants can have. (–)

Answer 5

1. asexual/ sexual
2. hemaphrodite
3. w/self or other plants
4. M/F
5. w/ help from animal, wind insect, water

Question 6

(b) What are the four basic features in plant reproduction? (4)

Answer 6

1. having multicellular GAMETOPHYTE+ SPOROPHYTE
2. an ALTERNATION OF GEN.: G& S generation
3. REDUCTION OF G
4. protect embryo

Question 7

What does gametophyte and sporophyte produce? (1,1) Also know that spores are
produced by meiosis/mitosis; gametes are produced by meiosis/mitosis.

Answer 7

1. G= gametes (haploid/n) (via MITOSIS)

2. S= haploid spores (n) (via MEIOSIS)

Question 8

(a) What two resources can plants get when they conquer the land? (2)

Answer 8

LIGHT AND CO2

Question 9

(b) Plant life in water is pretty sweet, why? Explain with three aspects. (3)

Answer 9

1. NO DESSICATION: tissues never dry
2. NO NEED STRUCTURE SUPPORT
3. NO NEED TRANSPORT STRUCTURE

Question 10

(c) Without water on land, what three challenges do plants face? (3)

Answer 10

1. desiccation
2. no struct support
3. no transport struct

Question 11

(d) Regarding desiccation, how do the leaves and spore/pollen grains deal with it? (3)

Answer 11

1. CUTICLE: waxy layer prevent H2O diffusion out of turgid cells + filter UV radiation
2. STOMATA: pore openings can close thus prevent excessive H2O loss + CO2 can diffuse in when open
3. SPOROPOLLENIN: waterproof coating over spores and Pollen grains of land plants

Question 12

(e) Regarding support and water transport, how do plants deal with it? (2)

Answer 12

VASCULAR TISSUES= PIPES PROVIDE STRUCT SUPPORT:

1. overcomes gravity
2. can circulate fluid (deliver H2O from tissues in wet soil at bottom -> tissue in dry air at top