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BIOCOMPLEXITY > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

(a) Be able to label the floral structures – the 4 whorls. (4)

A
  1. Whorl sepals
  2. Whorl petals
  3. Whorl carpal: stigma,style,ovary
  4. Whorl stamens: after and filament
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2
Q

(b) State the function of stigma and style. (2)

A

Stigma: where pollen grow

Pollen grain: where pollen grain stick

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3
Q

Sperms and egg production in flowers:

(a) A diagram will be provided. Describe the formation of eggs. (3)
(b) A diagram will be provided. Describe the formation of male gametes. (3)

A

Female: Ovary in ovule-MEIOSIS-surviving megaspores-MITOSIS-female gphyte(embryo containing egg)

Male:anther-meiosis-micro spore- mitosis-pollen grain containing make gametophyte

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4
Q

Transfer of pollens:

(a) State three examples of pollen vectors. (3)
(b) Know the smell and visual strategies in which insects are attracted to the flowers.

A

Visual: INSECT GUIDE: UV Markings help insects locate nectarines// moths pollinated flowers usually yellow or white (stand out)

Smell: flowers secrete fr. Nectarines ( located on receptacle)

N= rich in sugars that attract burch mammals and insects

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5
Q

A diagram will be provided. Describe the details of double fertilization. (4)

A

1.Pollen tube grows - micropyle(hole)
2.Ptube - reach embryo sac- 2 non 3.flagellated sperm discharged-
embryo(2n) & endosperm(3n)-MITOSIS
4. Germination- sporophyte

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6
Q

Explain why some seeds germinate best after passing through animals. (3)

A
  1. After eating animal travels distance
  2. Fleshy fruit is digested thus seed coat removed and seeds pass through gut
  3. Dormancy= broken and fresh supply of fertilisation is ideal for growing a new seedling
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7
Q

Be able to recognize the monocot and eudicot based on the six basic differences. (5)

A

Monocot

  1. 1 cotyledon
  2. Veins= parallel
  3. Vascular tissue= scattered
  4. Roots= fibrous, no main
  5. Pollen= 1 opening (e=3)
  6. Flowers: multiples of 3
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8
Q

Angio // sperm meaning

A 
angio= container
sperma= seed

ENCASED SEEDS PLANT

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9
Q

flower=

A

structure specialised for sexual reproduction: efficient transport of pollen ( sperm)

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10
Q

Whorl sepal

A

not reproductive, reproductive structures inside

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11
Q

whorl petal

A

colourful to attract pollinators

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12
Q

female eggs/ gamete production

A
  1. sporophyte ( ovule) 2n - meiosis- megasport (n)
  2. surviving megaspore (n)- mitosis- female G ( Endosperm 2n and egg n)

EMBRYO SAC DEPENDANT ON S FOR NUTRITION

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13
Q

male sperm production

A
  1. sporophyte (anther)- meiosis- microspore

2, microspore -mitosis-pollen grains (n)

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14
Q

how does pollen grain from anthers get to female stigma?

A

POLLEN VECTOR:
1. directed: animals

2.undirected; wind and water

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15
Q

DIRECTED ( anima) pollination hypothesis:

A
  1. NATURAL SELECTION FAVOURS flower colour, scent, shape that = successful in attracting pollinators
  2. MUTUAL BENIFIT: pollinator gets food, plant gets fertilised
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16
Q

DOUBLE FERTILISATION

A
  1. receptive stigma= trigger pollen to grow pollen tube down style, until penetrates micropyle (hole)
  2. discharges 2 non flagellated sperms
  3. EMBRYO (2n= n sperm + n egg) & ENDOSPERM (3n= n sperm + 2n endospore)
  4. seed (2n) germinates = grows into sporophyte plant (2n)
17
Q

fruit

A

fertilised flower

18
Q

fertilisation- seed develops then what happens to ovary?

A

ovary thickens becomes ripe, and wall of ovary becomes PERICARP thus ensure structure that contain seeds and pericarp is now a fruit :3

19
Q

fruit vary in nature

A
  1. FLESHY;’ tomatoes, nectarine ( fleshy fruit w/ soft outer and inner layers of pericarp)
  2. DRY: hazelnut, milkweed ( dry fruit remains enclosed at maturity)
20
Q

diff adaptations that help protect dormant seeds and disperse seed

A
  1. explosive action: disperse seeds
  2. water: cocunut disperse via this
  3. wings: enable maplefruits to carry by wind
  4. animal feces
  5. barbs
  6. scattering: tumbleweeds break off ground
  7. umbrella: dandelion
21
Q

embryos in monocot and eudicot

A

M= 1 cotyledon

EUDICOT: 2 cotyledon

22
Q

leaf venation in M&E

A 
M= parallel
E= netlike veins
23
Q

stems in m and e

A 
M= fibrous
e= taproot
24
Q

pollen in m and e

A 
m= 1 opening
e= 3 openings
25
Q

flowers in m and e

A 
m= multiples of 3
e= multiples of 4 and 5

BIOCOMPLEXITY (22 decks)

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