Gymnosperms

Question 1

1. Reproductive structure: the prominent reproductive structure of gymnosperm is _____ (1)

Answer 1

cones
MALE CONES: have pollen bearing sperm
FEMALE CONES: have ovules bearing eggs ( when these fertilise= seed)

Question 2

Describe the formation of male gamates. (5) (keywords: microspore, male
gametophyte, mitosis, male gametes (sperms) and pollen)

Answer 2

1. sporophyte(2n)- meiosis- microspore (n)
2. microspore (n) develop into MALE GAMETOPHYTE: POLLEN (n)
3. pollen (n) - mitosis - male gametes (sperm)

Question 3

Describe the formation of female gametes. (5) (keywords: megaspore, female
gametophyte, mitosis, female gametes (eggs) and ovule)

Answer 3

1. sporophyte (2n)- meiosis- megaspore (n)
2. megaspore - develops into FEMAL GAMETOPHYTE (ovule)
3. ovule- mitosis- female gametes

Question 4

Pollination = transfer of ________ (1)

Answer 4

pollination

Question 5

What are the examples of pollination agents?  Be able to understand the diagram to the corresponding processes. (–)

Answer 5

wind, insects, animals, water

Question 6

Upon the arrival of male gametes on the stigma, what will grow towards to the
ovule? (

Answer 6

pollen tube

Question 7

 Be able to relate the diagram with the process of fertilization. (–)

Answer 7

1. sperm to egg via pollen tube- fert–> zygote (2n)
2. Z(2n) -> embryo SPOROPHYTE IN SEED COAT (surrounded by n endosperm)
3. SEED disperse via wind- germinates- sporophyte
4. seedling sporophyte-germinat-> mature plant (2n)

Question 8

Seed development and dispersal

 Name three parts that a seed consist of. (3)  What are the seed dispersal agents? (3)

Answer 8

1. ovuliferous scale
2. egg cell
3. EMBRYO sac
4. ovule

Question 9

Cycads look like ferns. What are the structural similarity (1) and differences (4) between
these two?

Answer 9

similarity: flagellated sperm

differences:

1. cyads have seeds not fern
2. chads are dioecious (cones born on sep M and F)
3. cyads pollinated by beetles, fern by wind

Question 10

4. Ginkgo:
    What is the difference in seed dispersal mechanism between Cycads and Ginkgo?
    Be able to identify the male and female cone from a picture. (2)

Answer 10

cyads= beatles
ginko= wind