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Social Studies > Westward Expansion (7th Grade) > Flashcards

Westward Expansion (7th Grade) Flashcards

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1
Q

What states are considered part of the Great Plains?

A
  • Colorado
  • Kansas
  • Montana
  • Nebraska
  • New Mexico
  • North Dakota
  • Oklahoma
  • South Dakota
  • Texas
  • Wyoming.
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2
Q

What did people think about the Great Plains before the war?

A
  • That there were frequent damaging storms
  • Wind blew hard and long
  • That there were swarms of hungry insects
  • The land was hard to farm
  • AND MORE
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3
Q

What did people think about the Great Plains after the war?

A
  • Great sense of adventure
  • People could be self-sufficient
  • Crops like wheat flourished
  • Easy access because of railroads
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4
Q

Why was wheat important to the Great Plains?

A

Wheat became a cash crop to the Great Plains and important to the country because of the amounts of foods that require wheat.

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5
Q

Why were buffalo important to the Great Plains?

A

Buffalo were important to the Great Plains because they kept Native Americans alive. Native Americans would use every part of the buffalo to survive and would follow the herds around the plains as they migrated.

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6
Q

What were buffalo?

A

A heavily built wild ox with backswept horns that were suited for the Great Plains. They used to roam the pains in herds of thousand before being hunt almost to extinction.

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7
Q

What were the L.A.R.G.E reasons fore moving west?

A
  • Land
  • Adventure
  • Railroad
  • Gold
  • Exodusters
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8
Q

Why did people move out west for land?

A
  • Homestead Act of 1862
  • There was available free land inbetween the Mississippi River and the Pacific
  • Reservation were set aside for Native Americans
  • The last state settles was Oklahoma
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9
Q

Why did people move out west for adventure?

A
  • Cowboys
  • Young men seeking adventure
  • North didn’t have meat so cowboys brought cattle up to railroads where they would be sold for sometimes up to 40 times what they would be paid in the North.
  • Dangerous job being a cowboy
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10
Q

Why were railroads important for people moving out west ?

A
  • Transcontinental railroad
  • Union Pacific and Railroad Pacific were the two companies who took on the task of building the railroad
  • Railroads hired immigrants as laborers
  • railroads increased amount of settlers and decreased the time it took settlers to move out west
  • The railroad negatively impacted Native Americans.
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11
Q

Why did people move out west for gold?

A

Because gold was found in mountainous states that renewed gold rush hopes. Few miners ever became rich because gold is a limited resource.

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12
Q

Why did exodusters move out west?

A
  • Used the homestead act to their advantage to get away from social desegregation in the South.
  • Were mostly treated the same out West.
  • Was harder for African Americans to survive because they didn’t have any supplies to start them off.
  • 4out of 5 African Americans didn’t survive.
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13
Q

What made people think positive of the Great Plains after the war?

A

There was an unusually wet period in the 1870’s that made the Great Plains habitable.

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14
Q

What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

A
  • Gave land out west for free to those who were willing to farm it.
  • People were given 160 acres that they had to farm for 5 years as well they had to build a house.
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15
Q

Why did African Americans call themselves exodusters?

A

After Exodus in the Bible.

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16
Q

Why were still plows important to the Great Plains?

A

Steel plows made it possible to prepare and cultivated land for planting.

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17
Q

Why was barbed wire important to Pioneers in the Great Plains?

A

Pioneers were able to protect their homestead suspense is made of barbed wire.

18
Q

Why were sod houses in important to pioneers in the Great Plains?

A

Since few trees grow on the Great Plains people lived in sod houses which were created from blocks of grass or sod rather thank wood.

19
Q

What was mechanized farming and why was it important to people living in the Great Plains?

A

Mechanized farming allowed farmers to work faster with fewer people.

20
Q

What were windmills used for?

A

Windmills are used to pump water from wells dug deep in the ground.

21
Q

What changed with wheat during the Great Plains time period?

A

Immigrants brought hearty wheat strains that were better suited to the climate of the Great Plains.

22
Q

What changed with Beef Cattle Raising?

A

Ranchers who raised cattle for food and to sell. They often raised Longhorn Cows.

23
Q

What was Dry Farming?

A

Dry farming made it possible to grow crops with little rain. When you dry farm you divide your fields in half and only grow crops on half of them. During the year half of your fields are used they regain moisture and nutrients.

24
Q

What are essential details about the Transcontinental Railroad?

A
  • Railroad engineers crossed the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains.
  • Railroads transported people out West and western goods “back East” for sale.
  • Because the railroad companies received large government subsidies, rail-roads sole land for low prices.
  • The Transcontinental railroads stretched 1,700 miles from California to Nebraska.
25
Q

What is the definitions of a government created reservations?

A

Reservations are areas of land set aside for Native Americans. Native Americans were required to stay on the reservations and were not allowed to hunt on their traditional lands and provide for their own needs.

26
Q

What was the Battle of Little Bighorn?

A
  • Gold was found on the Sioux reservation and miners began to move on the reservation in large numbers.
  • The Sioux asked the Federal Government to stop this but received no help.
  • General George Custer was sent to force the Indians out.
  • Custer and his men were outnumbered and when the Indians attacked, within the hour they all were dead.
27
Q

What happened with Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce?

A
  • A group of young Nez Perce warriors attacked and killed 4 white settlers who had moved into the area.
  • Chief Joseph feared revenge from the Federal Government and fled with his tribe to Canada.
  • The Nez Perce Were stopped just 40 miles short of Canada and forced to live on a reservation.
28
Q

What was the Dawes Act of 1877?

A

It authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian Tribal land and divide the land into allotments for individual Indians.

29
Q

What did the Dawes Act do?

A
  • Reduced Indian Land
  • Reduced Indian Tribes
  • Reduced Indian Culture
30
Q

What was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

A
  • In order to put a stop to the Ghost Dance the Federal Government ordered Sitting Bull to be arrested.
  • The Sioux fled to a nearby reservation when the government came after them.
  • The government caught them in route.
  • A shot rang out and the Sioux were surrendering their weapons and government troops opened fire.
  • 300 Native American men, woman and children dead.
  • 25 soldiers dead.
31
Q

What was the Ghost Dance?

A

The Ghost Dance was a dance that Indians believed would bring their ancestors back to life who would then stop them from being forced into reservations and settlers hunting buffalo.

32
Q

Who was Geronimo and what did he do for Native Americans?

A
  • Was an Apache Indian Leader
  • Led raids on settlements in Mexico and southwestern parts of the United States.
  • In 1866 Geronimo was captured by the US military and placed on a reservation.
  • Also led raids on railroad workers.
33
Q

What were cattle drives?

A

Cattle drives were when cowboys would herd Texas Longhorn Cows up to the railroad lines in Nebraska and Kansas where they would sell them up to 40 times the amount they would in Texas.

34
Q

What was the Transcontinental Railroad?

A

The Transcontinental Railroad was a railroad that went from Sacramento, California, to Council Bluffs, Iowa. It essential connected the entire country from one end to another.

35
Q

What was the Union Pacific Company?

A

The Union Pacific built it’s railroad from Nebraska to Promontory Point or westwards.

36
Q

What was the Central Pacific Company?

A

The Central Pacific Company built from California to Promontory Point or eastwards.

37
Q

What were the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific trying to build?

A

The Transcontinental Railroad.

38
Q

What were boom towns?

A

Boom towns were towns that popped up from miners looking for ores and precious metals. They generally only thrived until there was no more metals in the mountains or metals like gold were found elsewhere.

39
Q

How did boom towns go to ghost towns?

A

Boom towns became ghost towns when all the miners living in them went on

40
Q

Who was General George Custer?

A

General George Custer was the man sent to kick the Sioux out of their reservation when settlers found gold there. He was also killed when the Sioux led a surprise attack on him and his men.

Social Studies (14 decks)

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