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IAM > Welfare > Flashcards

Welfare Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five freedoms?

A

Hunger/thirst, thermal/physical discomfort, injury/disease, normal behaviour, fear/stress

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2
Q

Instead of the five freedoms, what does the AWA 2006 introduce?

A

Five Needs

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3
Q

What are the Five Needs?

A

Environment, diet, behaviour, with/apart from other animals, protection from pain/suffering/injury/disease

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4
Q

What did Welfare Quality (2009) define instead of the Five Freedoms/Needs?

A

Four principles for good welfare

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5
Q

What are the four principles for good welfare?

A

Feeding, housing, health, behaviour

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6
Q

What is the difference between a feeling and an emotion?

A

Feeling increases chance of survival, whereas emotion includes subjective and expressive (behavioural and neurophysiological) components

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7
Q

What is a common problem with veal calves?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia (weak and poor breathing)

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8
Q

What kind of activity do animals show is prevented from meeting a behavioural need?

A

Rebound activity

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9
Q

What are three kinds of tests that can be done to determine an animals behavioural needs?

A

Preference, aversion, deprivation

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10
Q

What is an ethogram?

A

Detailed description of he behavioural features of a particular species

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11
Q

When can there be problems during preference testing?

A

If the stimulus is not related to the telos of an animal - may not respond because they don’t have the receptor

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12
Q

Why is CO2 stunning of pigs aversive?

A

Nasal mucosa irritation

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13
Q

What is alostasis?

A

keeping the organism alive and functioning (homeostasis, adaptation, coping)

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14
Q

What is agency?

A

Engaging with the environment to gather knowledge and enhance skills

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15
Q

What is a teloceptor?

A

An event at a distance

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16
Q

What is an exterioceptor?

A

Skin contact

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17
Q

What is an interioceptor?

A

Visceral/physiological state

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18
Q

What causes meat to become PSE?

A

Too rapid glycogen release

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19
Q

What happens if all glycogen is released or used up?

A

Meat becomes dark and dry

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20
Q

What are four types of abnormal behaviour directed towards another animal?

A

Animal as: Object to acquire, mother, sexual object, rival

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21
Q

What are the two kinds of anomalous reactivity?

A

Inactivity or hysteria

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22
Q

Why is sympathetic GAS hard to measure?

A

Short half life

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23
Q

What parameters can be used to measure the sympathetic GAS?

A

Heart rate, pupil dilation, skin temperature

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24
Q

How soon is cortisol released after stress?

A

2-3 minutes

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25
Q

Which samples can cortisol be measured in?

A

Blood, urine, saliva, faeces

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26
Q

By what mechanisms does cortisol increase nutrients in the blood?

A

Gluconeogenesis, protein breakdown, lipolysis

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27
Q

Why does cortisol cause increased blood volume?

A

Retains Na+

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28
Q

Which interleukins mediate chronic corticosteroid immunosuppression?

A

IL-1,2,b

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29
Q

Which three immune cells are inhibited during chronic corticosteroid release?

A

Antibody, T cell, macrophages

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30
Q

Which stressors do not cause cortisol to rise/remain high?

A

Heat, chronic confinement, chronic pain

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31
Q

Which hormone level falls with stress?

A

Prolactin

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32
Q

Which three challenges can affect LH and FSH levels?

A

Transport, high temperatures, low feed intake

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33
Q

Which hormone classes mediate stress induced hyperthermia?

A

Interleukins, prostaglandins, vasopressin

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34
Q

Which kind of animal is prone to stress hyperthermia?

A

Captured wildlife

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35
Q

Which hormone acts as an indicator of energy reserves?

A

Leptin

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36
Q

Physiological responses to emotional stress?

A

Adrenergic, adrenal, core body temperature, ghrelin, reduced LH GRH and prolactin

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37
Q

Physiological responses to pain?

A

Adrenergic, adrenal, trauma enzymes and inflammatory markers

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38
Q

Physiological responses to osmotic stress?

A

Adrenergic, adrenal, haemoconcentration parameters

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39
Q

Physiological responses to energy depletion?

A

Insulin, glucagon, leptin, glucose, urea

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40
Q

Physiological responses to thermal stress?

A

GAS, prolactin, temperature (core and skin), panting, sweating, reproductive hormones

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41
Q

What are two examples of failure to function behaviour?

A

Sexual inadequacy, parental behaviour (neonatal rejection)

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42
Q

Which kind of neural system is involved in stereotypic behaviour?

A

Dopaminergic

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43
Q

What stimulates and blocks dopaminergic neural systems?

A

Amphetamines stimulate, naloxone blocks

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44
Q

What kind of oral stereotypies are common in low input environments?

A

Those associated with high input receptors

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45
Q

Which Act regulates the profession, controls memberships, has a code of conduct, client and welfare duties?

A

Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966

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46
Q

What are the two types of witness?

A

Witness in fact, expert witness

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47
Q

What is the difference between the two types of witness?

A

Expert witness can express an opinion

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48
Q

What are the two types of law?

A

Civil and criminal

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49
Q

What are the two types of criminal law?

A

Common (judicial) and statute (parliamentary)

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50
Q

Who makes Judicial (common) law?

A

Judges by precedent in senior courts

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51
Q

Is parliamentary or judicial law higher up?

A

Parliamentary

52
Q

How is Statute/Legislative law passed?

A

Act of Parliament

53
Q

What are the two parts of statute/legislative law?

A

Primary (main act) and secondary (made by ministers)

54
Q

Which kind of law includes Code of Practices?

A

Statute/Legislative

55
Q

Which kind of law has England/Ireland/Scotland differences?

A

Statute/Legislative

56
Q

What are three international organisations the UK is obligated to?

A

WTO, European Laws, Council of Europe

57
Q

Which kind of law allows owners to do as they wish to their property (animals)?

A

Common Law

58
Q

Which Act allows citizens to enjoy their property rights?

A

Human Rights Act 1998

59
Q

Which Treaty gives protection and respect for the welfare of animals but has exceptions for culture/religion?

A

Treaty of Amsterdam 1997

60
Q

Which Act gives protections for domesticated vertebrates?

A

AWA 2006

61
Q

What act gives protection for research animals?

A

A(SP)A 1986

62
Q

Which Acts protect wild vertebrates?

A

Wild Mammals Protection Act 1996 and Wildlife and Countryside Act 1881

63
Q

Which animals aren’t protected by AWA?

A

Wild animals in the free state, foetuses, animals under ASPA, fishing

64
Q

What are the three things you can be prosecuted for under AWA?

A

Commission, Omission, Vicarious Liability

65
Q

Who decides whether suffering is necessary or not?

A

Court

66
Q

What should you do when signing a Section 18 certificate?

A

Follow RCVS guidance

67
Q

Who produces Codes of Practice which outline good practice and may be used in court?

A

Defra

68
Q

Who can issue improvement notices?

A

AWA inspectors, not RSPCA

69
Q

What must an improvement notice state?

A

What needs aren’t being met and when this must be changed by

70
Q

Which kind of Act is the AWA?

A

Common Informers Act

71
Q

Does the AWA do private or state prosecution?

A

Both

72
Q

Are the police AWA inspectors?

A

No but have some powers esp involving distress

73
Q

What year is ASPA?

A

1986

74
Q

When was ASPA passed by whole EU?

A

2010

75
Q

What are the three types of research?

A

Regulated, non-regulated, clinical

76
Q

What defines a regulated procedure?

A

One that causes pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm

77
Q

What must be true to be allow to do a regulated procedure?

A

Must be a clear benefit

78
Q

Which animals come under ASPA?

A

Any living vertebrate + octopus

79
Q

From what age are animals covered by ASPA?

A

From 2/3 through gestation/incubation

80
Q

What four types of research can’t be done under ASPA?

A

Great Apes, cosmetics, offensive weapons, alcohol/tobacco

81
Q

What are the four named roles under the Establishment Licence Holder?

A

Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Care and Welfare, Training and Competency, Information

82
Q

Who does the named Veterinary Surgeon report to?

A

Home Office

83
Q

What job are the ASP Inspectorate usually?

A

Vets

84
Q

What kind of visits do ASP inspectors conduct?

A

Routine and unannounced

85
Q

Which areas can ASP Inspectors access?

A

All

86
Q

What four things does “The Guidance” give advice on?

A

How the act is enforced, Licences issues under the act, responsibilities of those with roles, the main provisions

87
Q

What are the 3 Rs of experiment design?

A

Replacement, reduction, refinement

88
Q

Who sets the ASPA code of practice?

A

Home Office

89
Q

What are four rules the ASPA code of practice includes?

A

Minimum enclosure dimensions, temperature, humidity, ventilation

90
Q

Do racehorses or lab horses have more space?

A

Lab

91
Q

Do pet shop or lab rats have more space?

A

Pet shop

92
Q

Where must rabbits be housed under ASPA?

A

Floor-houses - no cages

93
Q

What is the only law which says animals having surgery must have analgesics?

A

ASPA

94
Q

What happens if there is a behaviour void?

A

More abnormal behaviour

95
Q

What are non-regulated procedures?

A

Those which don’t cause pain/distress/harm

96
Q

Which law regulates non-regulated procedures?

A

AWA 2006

97
Q

What are two examples of non-regulated procedures?

A

Behavioural studies, anatomy dissection

98
Q

What must the benefit be to for a non-regulated procedure?

A

Science

99
Q

What is clinical research done for the benefit of?

A

Individual animals or its immediate group/progeny

100
Q

Which law regulates clinical research?

A

Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966

101
Q

What are the four requirements for informed consent?

A

Information, competence, voluntary participation, right to withdraw consent

102
Q

Which section of the AWA prohibits sale to under 16s?

A

Section II

103
Q

Which law applies to pet animals transported for commercial purposes?

A

WATO 2006

104
Q

Which pets are exempt from WATO?

A

Those travelling with owners, travelling to and from vets,

105
Q

Which pets are not exempt from AWA section 4?

A

Pets travelling with veterinary advice

106
Q

What are the three kinds of farm visits the APHA performs?

A

Basic Payment claimant visits, complaints, OV complaints from slaughterhouses

107
Q

What happens to Basic Payment claimants if breaches are found?

A

Payments reduced

108
Q

How quickly will the APHA visit a farm following a complaint?

A

Within 24 hours

109
Q

Who takes APHA prosecutions forward?

A

Local Authority/Trading Standards

110
Q

Which committee developed the 5 freedoms?

A

Brambell committee

111
Q

Who review the 5 freedoms and are an expert committee for Defra?

A

FAWC

112
Q

How long do broiler chickens live?

A

35 days

113
Q

Which livestock are Code of Practice produced for?

A

Most - apart from Emu, Ostrich and Rhea

114
Q

What happens if you fail to comply with a Code of Practice?

A

Not an offense but can be used as evidence

115
Q

Who can serve an improvement notice?

A

APHA or Local Authority

116
Q

What must an improvement notice quote?

A

The 5 freedoms and which has been breached

117
Q

Who has power of entry onto agricultural premises?

A

VOs

118
Q

Which law requires all carers to have welfare codes?

A

Welfare of Farmed Animals 2007

119
Q

What causes pododermatitis in chickens?

A

Sticky litter

120
Q

At what age can beak trimming be done?

A

Under 10 days

121
Q

Which law sets of handling and housing of animals at market?

A

Welfare of Animals at Markets 1990

122
Q

Where are the horse market regulations?

A

In a separate Order

123
Q

Who produces horse Codes of Practice?

A

NEWC

124
Q

When are horses only covered by the APHA?

A

If used for agriculture

125
Q

Which law gives Local Authorities and landowners rights after fly tipping?

A

Control of Horses Act 2015

126
Q

What is proof of emaciation?

A

Lack of fat around coronary arteries

127
Q

What four things must pig substrate be?

A

MICE - manipulatable, investigable, chewable, edible,

IAM (7 decks)

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