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IGCSE History > Weimar Republic > Flashcards

Weimar Republic Flashcards

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1
Q

Who led the Spartacist uprising (left)?

A

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg

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2
Q

When was the Spartacist uprising?

A

January 1919

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3
Q

What did the Sparticists want?

A

Germany ruled by workers council or soviets

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4
Q

How was the Sparticists uprising?

A

Set base in many different places in Germany, destroying relics of the Kaiser, trying to overthrow the government

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5
Q

How were the Sparticists defeated?

A

Ebert recruited Freikorps (armed right wing ex-military) to fight Spartacists. Many were hurt but Spartacists were no longer a threat
He fought the left wing using the right wind

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6
Q

Who led the Kapp Putsch (right)?

A

Dr. Wolfgang Kapp

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7
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

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8
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch’s course of action?

A

gathered in Berlin streets protesting against the government

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9
Q

Why did the army not want to fight the Kapp Putsch?

A

A
they were not completely against the idea of the Kaiser returning: somewhat agreed with the Kapp Putsch

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10
Q

How was the Kapp Putsch defeated?

A

general strike called: everyone anti-Kaiser did not work. showed lack of popular support for Kapp Putsch

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11
Q

What did the Kapp Putsch people want?

A

the Kaiser and everything he stood for back (army, empire, power, industry…)

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12
Q

Who led the Munich Putsch (right)?

A

Hitler

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13
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

November 1923

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14
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

an attempted government coup led by the Nazis wanting to go back to the Kairser’s rule

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15
Q

Long term successes of the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler becomes national figure (trial reported nationally, he gave a political speech: publicity)
Very short prison sentence
Hitler wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ in prison
Focus on taking power legally

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16
Q

What were some short-term failures of the Munich Putsch?

A

16 Nazis and 4 policemen die
failed at overthrowing government
Hitler and Ludendorff arrested
Hitler went to jail

17
Q

In the golden years (1924-1930), how far had the republic recovered economically?

A
  • Recovered to its pre-war industrial level, second best power behind the USA
  • economic boom was unequal: big land owners values 70% while small businesses struggles
18
Q

In the golden years (1924-1930), how far had the republic recovered politically?

A
  • situation stabilized: polar opposites decreased
  • despite stabilization, many politicians in the government didn’t support the republic: 30% of the vote always went to an opposition party, president didn’t believe in government
19
Q

In the golden years (1924-1930), how far had the republic recovered culturally?

A
  • Increase in freedom of expression: new artistic and creative development (Bauhaus movement)
  • Rural countrysides felt a moral decline: Wandervogel movement protested again industrialization
20
Q

In the golden years (1924-1930), how far had the republic recovered in terms of foreign policy?

A
  • Germany started to be seen as a peaceful nation: accepted into league in 1926
  • Republic was criticised for agreeing with the terms of the treaty
21
Q

Impact of the Treaty on Germany

A
  • Reparations + Guilt Clause:
    Felt like blame had to be shared, bitter they had to pay
  • Non-representation:
    Were not represented at the peace talks and were forced to sign the Treaty. Felt like they had the right to send their own representatives.
  • League of Nations/ Wilson’s 14 points:
    Not invited to the League of Nations and were not given self-determination. Felt insulted, and that their treatment was unfair.
  • Disarmament:
    Felt like the terms were unfair because the army was the pride of the country.
    Could not defend their own country.
  • German Territories:
    Major blow to their pride and to Germany’s economy.
22
Q

Flaws in the Weimar Constitution

A
  • With its proportional representation, it had produced a situation where it was impossible for a political party to form a majority in the Reichstag.
  • These disagreements in the Reichstag while people suffered in the economic crisis made the Republic lose even more confidence
  • Hindenburg had to use his emergency powers to pass laws – this was a violation of the democratic system.
23
Q

Occupation of the Ruhr

A
  • By 1922, Germany ran out of money to pay reparations
  • Despite’s Ebert’s efforts to negotiate, the French ran out of patience
  • In January of 1923, French and Belgium troops invaded the Ruhr (legally under the terms of TofV) and. Began to take what was owed to them in raw materials
  • The German government ordered the workers to go on strike
  • The French reacted harshly by killing over 100 workers
  • The halt in industrial production in Germany’s most important region caused the collapse of the currency
24
Q

Recovering after 1923 (Stresemann)

A
  • By August 1923, Germany was in a serious hyperinflation crisis
  • Gustav Stresemann took over
  • He called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr
  • Replaced the currency with the Rentenmark
  • Negotiated to receive American loans under the Dawes Plan
  • Renegotiated reparations payments
25
Q

economic impact of war on germany by 1918

A
  • National income was about 1/3 of what it had been in 1913
  • There were acute shortages of food.
  • War left 500,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers.
  • Cost of war, hyperinflation, loans
  • Industrial production was about two-thirds of what it had been in 1913.
26
Q

social impact of war on germany by 1918

A
  • Huge gaps between living standards of rich and poor
  • One and a half million demobilized soldiers returned to society
  • Many German workers were bitter at the restrictions placed on their earnings during the war while the factory owners made vast fortunes from it.
  • Many Germans were angry about losing the war. There was a wave of unrest.
27
Q

political impact of war on germany by 1918

A
  • Stresses of war led to a revolution in October-November of 1918. There was fighting between right-wing and left-wing groups.
  • Many ex-soldiers and civilians despised the new democratic leaders and came to believe Hindenburg had been betrayed by weak politicians.

IGCSE History (10 decks)

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