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IGCSE History > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the wartime alliance begin to break down in 1945?​

A
  • The conflicting beliefs of the super powers​
  • Long-term distrust​
  • Misunderstandings between the leaders​
  • Personalities of the leaders​
  • Actions by the USA​
  • Actions by the USSR
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2
Q

communism politically

A

more controlling, not much freedom of speech, authoritarian

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3
Q

capitalism politically

A

democracy, freedom, choices

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4
Q

capitalism economically

A

private land ownership, less controlling, market (supply and demand), great inequality

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5
Q

communism economically

A

more controlling, businesses owned by the state (nationalizd), equality

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6
Q

capitalism socially

A

hierarchy

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7
Q

communism socially

A

very equal (egalitarian), utiliterian architecture

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8
Q

Reasons for distrust

A
  • Stalin did not always treat his people well, e.g. prison camps and purges (killings) of opposition in the 1930s
  • USSR left World War One in 1918 and made peace terms with Germany. The Versailles Treaty did not reward the Russians.
  • The Russians had not been allowed to join the League of Nations after WW1
  • Britain and France had given Hitler what he wanted in order to avoid a war.
  • Britain, France and America had delayed opening a ´Second Front´, ie they were not quick enough to attack Hitler from the West to take pressure off the USSR in the East.
  • Britain, France and America had sent soldiers to try to defeat the Communists in the Russian Civil War.
  • The USSR signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Hitler, his old enemy.
  • The USSR had not been allowed to attend the Munich Conference in 1938.
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9
Q

why did the west distrust ussr

A

they pulled out of WWI in 1918 after the Revolution. Lenin, the first Soviet leader, wanted to spread the Revolution all over the world. Later, the USSR signed a pact with Hitler

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10
Q

why did ussr distrust the west

A

Britain, France and the USA had intervened in the Russian Civil War to try and defeat the communists. The USSR was not invited to be part of the League of Nations in 1919 neither were they invited to take part in the Munich Agreement of 1938

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11
Q

who attended yalta

A

roosevelt, churchill, stalin

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12
Q

when was yalta

A

feb 1945

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13
Q

agreements at yalta

A
  • stalin agreed to enter war against japan once germany surrendered
  • countries were allowed to hold free elections
  • punish war criminals (responsible for genocide)
  • division of germany into 4 zones and berlin into sctors
  • join UN
  • eastern europe to become a soviet sphere of influence
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14
Q

disagreements at yalta

A

poland: stalin ended up taking poland but in return, could not take greece (where britain was trying to stop a communist take over)

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15
Q

when was potsdam

A

july 1945

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16
Q

who was at potsdam

A

stalin, atlee, truman

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17
Q

disagreements at potsdam

A
  • germany: stalin wanted to cripple it but the USA was suspicious of their intentions and did not want a repeat of tofv
  • ussr wanted to get reparations from germany
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18
Q

what was the iron curtain

A

metaphor used by churchil in his speech delivered in fulton, missouri 1946 to describ the increasing sclusion of of eastern europe from th rest of th world. division of american and soviet ideologies (communism vs capitalism)

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19
Q

when was the truman doctrine

A

march 12 1947

20
Q

what was the truman doctrine

A

policy introduced by american government announcing thir foreign policy to contain th soviets communist influence. eg - usa provided support to the govrnments of turkey and greece to help them out of the ussr’s sphere of influnce

21
Q

why did stalin want to take over eastern europe

A
  • spread of communism
  • take control
  • buffer
  • safety and security
  • empire
  • greed
  • realism
  • economy
  • spheres of influence
22
Q

when did the marschall plan start

A

june 1947

23
Q

who started the marschall plan

A

state secretary george marschall

24
Q

what was the marschall plan

A

american plan offered to all european countries with the aim of helping war torn governments from falling into USSR’s sphere of influence. the plan, however, came with strings attatched such as banning trad barriers and encouraging economic freedom, all incompatible with russian ideologies

25
Q

how much money did the marshall plan offer

A

13 billion dollars

26
Q

when was the blockade of berlin

A

june 24 1948 - may 12 1949

27
Q

what was the berlin blockade

A

attempt by ussr government to cut off west berlin from the west’s ideologies in a attempt to acquire the entire city. airlift was used to get more supplies into the city

28
Q

causes of the berlin blockade

A
  • stalin did not feel he was getting fair reparations after the war
  • he wants to force the west to give up berlin
  • formation of bizonia and trizonia
  • new currency induced in the west (deutschmark) which stalin believed to be a threat
29
Q

consequences of the berlin blockade

A
  • nato established
  • worldwide awareness of the cold war
  • hopes for a united germany ended
30
Q

what was the berlin airlift

A
  • US began to airlift supplies into West Berlin – if Stalin shot down these planes it would be act of war
  • For 10 months West Berlin was supplied by US in this manner
  • May 1949 – Stalin gave up and lifted blockade
31
Q

When did NATO begin?

A

4th april, 1949

32
Q

what does NATO stand for

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

33
Q

what is NATO?

A

organization that tries to assure the mutual protection of its member states, by each agreeing to protect each other in case of war

34
Q

who set up NATO and why

A

the Americans set it up during the cold war to provide collective security against the soviet union and keep communist influence to a minimum

35
Q

why might NATO be seen as bad

A

it poses as a threat to the soviets which lead to the creation of an alliance of their own

36
Q

what was the warsaw pact

A

agreement by the soviet satelite states to military align themselves with the USSR to establish a mutual defense organization

37
Q

why was the warsaw pact formed

A

it was a reaction/response to NATO - designed to make sure that the countries would not be threatened because no one would want to threaten all the countries in it at once

38
Q

why did the warsaw pact fall apart

A

it fell apart as most communist governments were removed from power

39
Q

when was the warsaw pact

A

14 may 1955 to 1991

40
Q

What happened in 1945?

A
  • Yalta
  • Potsdam
41
Q

What happened in 1946?

A

Iron Curtain Speech

42
Q

What happened in 1947?

A

Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan

43
Q

What happened in 1948?

A

Berlin Blockade

44
Q

What happened in 1949?

A

NATO

45
Q

What happened in 1950?

A

Korean War starts (ended in 53)

46
Q

What happened in 1955

A

Warsaw pact

47
Q

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade

A
  • both soviet union and west claimed victory
  • NATO was set up
  • many westerners left berlin for good
  • airlift showed west’s commitment to berlin
  • split germany into two blocks
  • increase in tension
  • berlin became a symbol

IGCSE History (10 decks)

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