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BPK 140 > Weight Management > Flashcards

Weight Management Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of Canadian adults are obese?

A

~64%

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2
Q

Obesity

A

A level of fat mass that compromises physical wellbeing

  • causes problems in body
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3
Q

Body Mass Index

A

< 18.5 = Underweight

18.5 - 24.9 = Normal range

25 or more = Overweight

2 types of overweight:

Preobese - 25.0 - 29.9
Obese - 30 or more

  • Class 1: 30.0 - 34.9
  • Class 2: 35.0 - 39.9
  • Class 3: 40 or more

Good for population data not individual data

  • Arnold Swartchenega was 30.3, but mostly lean mass
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4
Q

What cateegory is Obesity recognized as?

A

A chronic disease

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5
Q

Risks of Obesity

A
  • Reduces life expectancy by up to 14 years
  • Increased risks for CVD, diabetes, many cancers
  • Associated with impaired immune function, diseases of the kidney and gallbladder, bone and joint disorders, pregnancy risks, psychological disorders
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6
Q

Types of body fat

A

Essential fat:

  • 3% of male weight
  • 12% of female weight

No health risks; essential for reproductive capacity

Non-essential fat (risky fat):

Can pose significant helth risks; visceral or subcutaneous adipose

Depends on age, sex, diet, activity

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7
Q

Risks of Obesity

A

Obesity is a risk for many commorbidities like:

  • type 2 diabetes - not fully understood
  • type 2 diabetes leads to Cardiovascular disease
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8
Q

How to Evaluate Body Weight and Composition

A
  • BMI: simplest and most broadily applicable

Weight/Height

  • Height-Weight Charts
  • Hydrostatic weighing
  • Electrical impedance
  • Scanning (MRI) methods
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9
Q

What determines your weight?

A

Energy intake:

Food & Alcohol

Energy Out:

  • Metabolism (60-75%)
  • Thermic effect of food (10%)
  • Physical Activity (15-30%)
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10
Q

Factors Influencing Energy Expenditure

A
  • Genetics
  • Higher lean mass
  • Physical activity
  • Greater Height & Weight
  • Being Male
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11
Q

Factors Influencing Energy Intake

A

Hunger: Physiological need to eat
Appetite: Desire to eat
(Not physiological)
Satiety: How full do we feel?

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12
Q

Causes of Obesity

A
  • Decline in physical activity
  • Overconsumption of calories
  • Areas of few grocery stores, more fast food chains increases risk
  • Psychosocial factors
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13
Q

Foresight Model: Causes of Obesity

A

Says that there is no one single factor that results in obesity

Ex of factors:

Food consumption: Too many calories
Food production: Unhealthy foods are cheap and accessible
Physiology: Hormonal imbalances, genetics, metabolic problems
Individual physical activity: Ability to excercise
Environmental physical activity: Does environment promote physucal activity?
Individual psychology: Depression, anxiety, addiction
Social psychology: Friends and family’s affect

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14
Q

Dangers of Obesity

A
  • Stroke
  • Heart Disease
  • Some forms of cancer
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • High blood cholesterol
  • Psychological disorders
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15
Q

Ideal Weight

A

The weight you achieve while maintaining the healthiest lifestyle you can sustain.

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16
Q

Crash Diet

A

a highly restrictive, short-term diet that aims for rapid weight loss.

  • considered unsustainable and potentially harmful to health
  • Weight loss is often regained once this diet ends beacuse normal eating patterns resume
17
Q

Guidelines for Weight Control

A
  1. Sensible Diet
    * Goal: Reduce caloric intake
    * Eat filling and nutrient-dense foods
  2. Change in Eating Habits
    * Goal: Reduce caloric intake
    * Fight temptations of eating unhealthy foods
  3. Psychological Modification
    * Self-efficacy: Belief in one’s ability to change
    * Identify triggers
    * Replace negative patterns of thought with positive ones
  4. Physical Activity
    * Goal: Increase caloric expenditure
    * Find physical activities you enjoy so you stay consistent
18
Q

Eating Disorders

A

Serious disturbance in eating patterns or behaviours.

Common feature:

Dissatisfaction with body image and weight often due to distorted thinking, perfectionalist beliefs, unreasonable demands for self-control, and excessive self-criticism

19
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Individual does not eat enough to maintain adequate body weight.

<17.5 on BMI

  • Eating disorder with highest mortality rate
  • Low body weight does not mean anorexia

Risks:
* Cardiovascular disorder
* Gastrointestinal disorder
* Skeletal disorder

20
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Episodic binge eating followed by purging (vomiting or laxatives)

Binge Eating: Lack of control eating

Can be a compensation for eating little throughout the day

Risks: Damage to esophagus (stomach), Dehydration, Kidney, liver, and heart damage, depression

21
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

Recurrent episodes of binge-eating.

22
Q

Treatments for eating disorders

A

Must address problematic eating behaviours to manage stress and emotions.

Anorexia: Restoring body weight; addressing psychological aspects of disorder

Bullimia and binge eating: Stabilizing eating patterns; identifying and changing behaviours that led to eating disorder; improving coping skills

BPK 140 (14 decks)

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