Week6

Question 1

Purpose of the G1/S checkpoint?

Answer 1

evaluate cell health

Question 2

Purpose of G2/M checkpoint?

Answer 2

DNA replication check

Question 3

Purpose of Spindle checkpoint?

Answer 3

Ensure chromosomes are correctly attached

Question 4

What type of protein holds sister chromatids together?

Answer 4

cohesion

Question 5

When are sister chromatids broken apart?

Answer 5

Anaphase

Question 6

What enzyme breaks down the cohesion bond in anaphase?

Answer 6

separase

Question 7

Haploid definition

Answer 7

A cell with one set of chromosomes

Question 8

Diploid definition

Answer 8

a cell with two sets of chromosomes

Question 9

if it’s haploid number is 40, what is its diploid number?

Answer 9

80

Question 10

is a homologous chromosome equivalent to a haploid or a diploid chromosome set?

Answer 10

Diploid

Question 11

What is included in a diploid count?

Answer 11

all chromosomes

Question 12

what do diploids have in common?

Answer 12

length, genes, location, same function

Question 13

where do diploids differ?

Answer 13

nucleotide sequence, came from different parents

Question 14

What happens during interphase S subphase

Answer 14

DNA replication

Question 15

what direction does DNA replication go in?

Answer 15

5 to 3

Question 16

what direction does transcription read in?

Answer 16

5 to 3

Question 17

what direction does RNA transcription occur in?

Answer 17

3 to 5

Question 18

What direction does a leading strand replicate?

Answer 18

3 to 5

Question 19

what direction does a lagging strand replicate?

Answer 19

5 to 3

Question 20

is a leading strand continuous or discontinous?

Answer 20

continuous

Question 21

is a lagging strand continuous or dicontinuous

Answer 21

discontinuous

Question 22

What does Helicase do at the beginning of DNA replication

Answer 22

unwinds the helix and separates strands

Question 23

what does topoisomerase do at the beginning of DNA replication

Answer 23

helps maintain stability while the strand is unwound

Question 24

What makes two homologous (same function chromosomes) duplicated?

Answer 24

they are connected

Question 25

why are sister chromatids identical

Answer 25

Because they are a result of DNA replication (produced from the same chromosome)

Question 26

why are homologous chromosomes not identical?

Answer 26

they are from different parent cells

Question 27

What happens to the spindle in prophase?

Answer 27

tubulin becomes centralized

Question 28

what is the building block for spindles

Answer 28

tubulin

Question 29

what happens in prophase

Answer 29

chromosomes spread throughout cell

Question 30

What happens with the spindle during metaphase?

Answer 30

attaches chromosomes to spindle

Question 31

what happens during metaphase?

Answer 31

chromosomes become aligned in the middle of the cell (metaphase plate)

Question 32

What happens during Anaphase?

Answer 32

sis chromatids separate and go to opposite sides (duplicated chromosomes become unduplicated)

Question 33

what happens during telophase?

Answer 33

2 new daughter cells form
spindle starts to disintegrate

Question 34

What does the kinetochore microtubule type in a spindle do?

Answer 34

directly connect chromosomes to centrosomes

Question 35

what does the interpolar microtubule type in a spindle do?

Answer 35

help separate chromosomes & chromatids

Question 36

what does the astral microtubule type in a spindle do?

Answer 36

provide support for centrosomes

Question 37

What microtubule does anaphase A involve?

Answer 37

kinetochore

Question 38

what microtubule does anaphase b involve

Answer 38

interpolar

Question 39

What is transcription?

Answer 39

a process that reads a strand of DNA and produces a protein corresponding to that code

Question 40

How much of DNA is read at a time in transcription?

Answer 40

section by section, one gene at a time

Question 41

what happens when a gene is read in transcription?

Answer 41

it unwinds, is copied, then rewinds