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Zoology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Elements

A

Atoms of differing size

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2
Q

Atomic Number

A

of Protons

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2
Q

In a neutral atom, what particle is the # of protons equal to?

A

of electrons

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Elements w/ the same # of protons, but different in Neutrons

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4
Q

Orbital

A

Electron orbiting region

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5
Q

S

A

Spherical

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6
Q

P

A

Dumbbell

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7
Q

Electrons with closer orbitals to the nucleus have…

A

Lower energy

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8
Q

1st energy level

A

K

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9
Q

2nd Energy level

A

L

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10
Q

3rd Energy level

A

M

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11
Q

4th Energy Level

A

N

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12
Q

Dumbbell orbitals can travel on different planes with the same….

A

energy level

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13
Q

Other terms for energy level

A

energy shell, electron shell

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14
Q

In the same energy level, which shape has the least amount of energy

A

S (spherical) orbitals

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15
Q

Subshells

A

the different types of orbitals on an energy level

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16
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

Electrons occupy the lowest energy level available

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17
Q

Low energy S orbits fill electrons

A

first & sequentially

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18
Q

p orbits fill electrons

A

simultaneously (at the same time)

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19
Q

Valence electrons

A

outermost energy level electrons

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20
Q

What energy level to atoms pair from?

A

valence energy level

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21
Q

What do the dots represent on the lewis dot diagram?

A

Valence electrons

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22
Q

what is the max amount of electrons that an orbital can hold?

A

2

23
Q

what happens when the number of electrons change in an atom

A

it becomes an ion

24
Q

In an ion, does the number of electrons equal the number of protons?

A

no

25
Q

what does an ionic bond result in?

A

two oppositely charged ions

26
Q

what directions do ions attract?

A

all

27
Q

salt

A

matrix of charged ions

28
Q

what are the ions in salt held together by?

A

ionic bonding

29
Q

molecules

A

atoms joined in covalent bonds

30
Q

covalent bonds

A

atoms share unpaired electrons

31
Q

elemental molecules

A

covalent bonds occurring between atoms of the same element

32
Q

molecular compounds

A

covalent bonds occurring between atoms of different elements

33
Q

do atoms remain in the same orbit after a covalent bond?

A

yes

34
Q

what happens to an electrons orbital after a covalent bond is formed?

A

the orbital expands into the other electrons orbital

35
Q

Shared electrons

A

electrons that went though covalent bonding to create a shared orbital path

36
Q

duet rule

A

elements with a filled spherical orbit are more stable

37
Q

Octet rule

A

when an atoms pair they tend to pair so that each atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell

38
Q

Difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds

A

covalent bonds share orbitals and pair electrons, ionic bonds give electrons and lose an electron

39
Q

what happens to an atom after it loses an electron

A

it becomes an ion and has a positive charge

40
Q

what happens to an atom after it gains an electron

A

it becomes an ion and has a negative charge (Cation)

41
Q

Cation

A

an ion with a paaawwsitive charge

42
Q

when is cation formed?

A

after an atom loses an electron and becomes positive

43
Q

when is anion formed?

A

after an atom gains an electron and becomes negative

44
Q

Anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

45
Q

what happens to an atom after it gains an electron?

A

it becomes an ion and becomes negative (Anion)

46
Q

Periods

A

rows of the periodic table, # of energy levels in an atom

47
Q

What does the 2 represent on 2s?

A

the energy level that the valence electrons are on

48
Q

Polar-Covalent bond

A

Atoms that are shared in a covalent bond but are unequal in electronegativities

49
Q

(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
What does each box represent?

A

An orbital

50
Q

(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
What do the marks inside the boxes represent?

A

electrons in that orbit

51
Q

(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
where do additional electrons go?

A

fill into p orbitals

52
Q

oxidation

A

electron loss

53
Q

reduction

A

electron gain (reduces charge)(it has an additional NEGATIVE charge)

54
Q

what kind of reactions result in ions?

A

Redox reactions

55
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

an oxidation-reduction-reaction

Zoology (7 decks)

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