Week 1 Flashcards
Elements
Atoms of differing size
Atomic Number
of Protons
In a neutral atom, what particle is the # of protons equal to?
of electrons
Isotopes
Elements w/ the same # of protons, but different in Neutrons
Orbital
Electron orbiting region
S
Spherical
P
Dumbbell
Electrons with closer orbitals to the nucleus have…
Lower energy
1st energy level
K
2nd Energy level
L
3rd Energy level
M
4th Energy Level
N
Dumbbell orbitals can travel on different planes with the same….
energy level
Other terms for energy level
energy shell, electron shell
In the same energy level, which shape has the least amount of energy
S (spherical) orbitals
Subshells
the different types of orbitals on an energy level
Aufbau Principle
Electrons occupy the lowest energy level available
Low energy S orbits fill electrons
first & sequentially
p orbits fill electrons
simultaneously (at the same time)
Valence electrons
outermost energy level electrons
What energy level to atoms pair from?
valence energy level
What do the dots represent on the lewis dot diagram?
Valence electrons
what is the max amount of electrons that an orbital can hold?
2
what happens when the number of electrons change in an atom
it becomes an ion
In an ion, does the number of electrons equal the number of protons?
no
what does an ionic bond result in?
two oppositely charged ions
what directions do ions attract?
all
salt
matrix of charged ions
what are the ions in salt held together by?
ionic bonding
molecules
atoms joined in covalent bonds
covalent bonds
atoms share unpaired electrons
elemental molecules
covalent bonds occurring between atoms of the same element
molecular compounds
covalent bonds occurring between atoms of different elements
do atoms remain in the same orbit after a covalent bond?
yes
what happens to an electrons orbital after a covalent bond is formed?
the orbital expands into the other electrons orbital
Shared electrons
electrons that went though covalent bonding to create a shared orbital path
duet rule
elements with a filled spherical orbit are more stable
Octet rule
when an atoms pair they tend to pair so that each atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell
Difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds
covalent bonds share orbitals and pair electrons, ionic bonds give electrons and lose an electron
what happens to an atom after it loses an electron
it becomes an ion and has a positive charge
what happens to an atom after it gains an electron
it becomes an ion and has a negative charge (Cation)
Cation
an ion with a paaawwsitive charge
when is cation formed?
after an atom loses an electron and becomes positive
when is anion formed?
after an atom gains an electron and becomes negative
Anion
an ion with a negative charge
what happens to an atom after it gains an electron?
it becomes an ion and becomes negative (Anion)
Periods
rows of the periodic table, # of energy levels in an atom
What does the 2 represent on 2s?
the energy level that the valence electrons are on
Polar-Covalent bond
Atoms that are shared in a covalent bond but are unequal in electronegativities
(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
What does each box represent?
An orbital
(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
What do the marks inside the boxes represent?
electrons in that orbit
(squares with the 7’s and upsidedown 7’s)
where do additional electrons go?
fill into p orbitals
oxidation
electron loss
reduction
electron gain (reduces charge)(it has an additional NEGATIVE charge)
what kind of reactions result in ions?
Redox reactions
What is a redox reaction?
an oxidation-reduction-reaction
