week 4 Flashcards
Which are present in RNA but not DNA?
Phosphate Group
thymine
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Uracil
Ribose
Uracil
What is left over when ATP is Dephosphorylated?
ADP and 2 phosphate groups bond to nucleotide
What molecule is produced when dephosphorylation occurs?
adenosine diphosphate
Which of the following is a monomer?
Nucelotide
Nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Which of the following can be found within DNA?
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
deoxyribose
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine
which monomers are found within lipids
glycerols, fatty acids
How many C=C bonds do unsaturated fatty acids have?
None
How many C=C bonds do monounsaturated fatty acids have?
One
How many C=C bonds do polyunsaturated fatty acids have?
2 or more
Is lipid synthesis a dehydration or hydrolysis reaction?
Dehydration
Is lipid digestion a dehydration or hydrolysis reaction?
hydrolysis
Eukaryotic characteristics
membrane bound nucleus
cytoskeleton
Prokaryotic characteristics
no membrane bound nucleus
no cytoskeleton
cell walls
What eukaryotic organisms have cell walls?
plants
What eukaryotic organisms have no cell walls?
animals
Protozoa: single or multicelled?
single celled
Metazoa: single or multicelled?
Multi
What do phospholipids have that triglycerides do not?
phosphate group
positively charged molecule
Are the fatty acid tails of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
Is the head of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
What is passive transport?
substances that move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Does passive transport require energy input?
no
Diffusion definition
Molecules moving from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion leads to…
entropy
what is osmosis?
When a substance passes to the other side of the concentration to help balance the substance.
what are carrier proteins
only transport (diffusion) specific molecules
when are molecules let through Gated channels
only under certain conditions
Are there restrictions on protein channels?
No
is hypertonic a high or low solute concentration compared to another concentration?
high solute concentration
Is isotonic a high or low solute concentration compared to another concentration?
Equal solute concentration
Is hypotonic a high or low solute concentration compared to another concentration?
Low solute concentration
What direction is osmotic pressure generated?
From hypotonic to hypertonic
Guanine tends to pair with
cytosine
Adenine tends to pair with
thymine
Pyrimidines always pair with
purines
How many C rings do purines have?
2
Which component of a nucleotide determines nucleotide behavior?
N base
Easiest way to tell if a lipid is saturated
solid at room temperature
How does water minimize the surface-area of hydrophobic molecules?
Water pushes the hydrophobic molecules into a circular shape
What is the name of the linkages between lipid monomers?
Ester Linkages
Why are lipids a complex polymer?
they contain two different monomers
first tenet of cell theory
all organisms are composed of cells
second tenet of cell theory
cells are the smallest unit of life
what 3 characteristics do all living cells share?
Centrally located DNA
Semi-fluid cytoplasm ‘filling’
plasma membrane
how to tell if an atom is a ribose or deoxyribose atom?
deoxyribose has a missing oxygen
