Week 5 Flashcards
What makes active transport different than passive transport?
it requires an input of energy
Why does active transport need an input of energy?
It goes against a concentration gradient
What direction does a symport transport target?
all in the same direction
what direction does a antiporter transport targets?
opposite directions
What are vesicles used for?
Transporting in bulk
what is endocytosis
bulk import of cells
what is exocytosis
bulk output of cells
what are the forms of endocytosis?
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What happens with phagocytosis?
phagocytes cells engulf other cells
What happens with pinocytosis?
small particles move into the cell
What happens with receptor-mediated endocytosis?
receptor proteins on the cell catch the target molecules
What cells bring electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC)?
NADH & FADH
Which enzyme are the electrons from the NADH donated to?
NADH dehydrogenase
How many ATP’s does Aerobic respiration produce?
30
How many ATP’s does Anaerobic respiration produce?
2
Which process in aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?
Chemiosmosis
Are chromatins condensed or uncondensed?
Uncondensed
Are chromosomes condensed or uncondensed?
Condensed
What protein receives the electron from NADH?
NADH dehydrogenase
Where is NADH dehydrogenase located in the ETC chain?
on the inner membrane wall
What protein receives electrons from FADH?
Succinate reductase (AE)
What is a nucleosome?
a double strand of DNA that is wrapped around a core of histone proteins
heterochromatin
densely packed chromatin
Where is AE (succinate reductase) located in the ETC chain?
Between the inner membrane
What is Euchromatin?
a lightly packed form of chromatin
Where is energy harvested for ATP production?
NADH dehydrogenase, Bc1 complex, Cytochrome oxidase complex
What do histone proteins do in the quaternary structure level of DNA?
They form a core that a double strand of DNA wraps around (a nucleosome)
How are chromatins and chromosomes similar?
they are the same material
How are chromosomes made?
during cell division, chromatins are condensed
How many protons does NADH pump?
10
How many protons does FADH pump?
6
How are concentration gradients created?
Active transport of protons into the inner membrane
What is the total number of electrons harvested from 1 glucose?
24
What are the electron carriers in the ETC?
Ubiquinone and cytochrome c
what are the proteins in ETC?
Bc complex, cytochrome oxidase complex
What is the final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
Where is energy stored
