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Functional Anatomy > Week Two > Flashcards

Week Two Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Pelvic Gridle?

A

-Bony ring formed by the sacrum and the hip bones which are connected anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

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2
Q

Movements of the Pelvic Gridle

A

‐Anterior pelvic rotation/tilt
‐Lateral pelvic rotation/tilt
‐Posterior pelvic rotation/tilt

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3
Q

Functions of the Pelvic Gridle

A

‐Weight bearing
‐Weight transference
‐Protection

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4
Q

What does Coxa vara do?

A

-Decreased angle of inclination

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5
Q

What does Coxa valga do?

A

-Increased angle of inclination

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6
Q

What is the angle of inclination in an adult and old age?

A 
Adult= 126 degrees
Elderly= 120 degrees
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7
Q

Describe where the joints of the pelvic gridle are

A
  • Hip joint
  • Lumbosacral joint
  • Sacro-iliac joint
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sacrococcygeal joint-symphysis
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8
Q

What is the Acetabular Lambrum mainly comprised of?

A

Mainly fibrocartilage around the acetabular rim.

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the iliac region?

A
  • Psoas minor
  • Psoas major
  • Iliacus
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10
Q

What is the Psoas minor’s distal and proximal attachements?

A
  • Proximal: sides of bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) disc
  • Distal: pecten pubis (pectineal line) and iliopubic eminence
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11
Q

What is the Psoas minor’s action?

A

-Action: weak trunk flexor and hip stabiliser

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12
Q

What is the Psoas minor’s nerve supply?

A

-NS: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)

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13
Q

What is the Psoas major’s distal and proximal attachements?

A
  • P: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of vertebrae T12‐L5 and IV discs in between
  • D: lesser trochanter of femur
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14
Q

What is the Psoas major’s action?

A

-Action: hip/trunk flexion

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15
Q

What is the Psoas major’s nerve supply?

A

-NS: anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1‐L3

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16
Q

What is the iliacus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and sacro‐iliac ligaments
  • D: lesser trochanter of femur
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17
Q

What is the iliacus action?

A

-Action: hip flexion and stabilise hip

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18
Q

What is the iliacus nerve supply?

A

-NS: femoral nerve

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the medial thigh region?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
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20
Q

What is the pectineus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: superior ramus of the pubis

- D: pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter

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21
Q

What is the pectineus action?

A

-Action: adducts and flexes hip; assist medial rotation of hip

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22
Q

What is the pectineus nerve supply?

A

-NS: femoral nerve

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23
Q

What is the gracilis distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: body and inferior ramus of pubis

- D: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

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24
Q

What is the gracilis action?

A

-Action: hip adduction, knee flexion and medial rotation

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25
Q

What is the gracilis nerve supply?

A

-NS: obturator nerve

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26
Q

What is the adductor longus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: lateral aspect of body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
  • D: middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
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27
Q

What is the adductor longus action?

A

-Action: hip adduction

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28
Q

What is the adductor longus nerve supply?

A

-NS: obturator nerve

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29
Q

What is the adductor brevis distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: body and inferior ramus of pubis

- D: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

30
Q

What is the adductor brevis action?

A

-Action: hip adduction

31
Q

What is the adductor brevis nerve supply?

A

-NS: obturator nerve

32
Q

What is the adductor magnus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P Adductor Part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
  • P Hamstring Part: ischial tuberosity
  • D Adductor Part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
  • D Hamstring Part: adductor tubercle of femur
33
Q

What is the adductor magnus action?

A

-Action: hip adduction and extension

34
Q

What is the adductor magnus nerve supply?

A

-NS: obturator nerve

35
Q

What do the muscles of the superficial gluteal region do?

A

-These muscles of the gluteal region extend, abduct and medially rotate the hip.

36
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial gluteal region?

A
  • Tensor Fasciae Latae
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Iliotibial Band
  • Gluteus Medius
37
Q

What is the Tensor Fasciae Latae distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior part of iliac crest
  • D: iliotibial band which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)
38
Q

What is the Tensor Fasciae Latae action and function?

A
  • Action: hip flexion, abduction and medial rotation

- Function: keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg

39
Q

What is the Tensor Fasciae Latae nerve supply?

A

-NS: superior gluteal nerve

40
Q

What is the Gluteus Maximus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, erector spinae aponeurosis and sacrotuberous ligament
  • D: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
41
Q

What is the Gluteus Maximus action?

A

-Action: hip extension and lateral rotation

42
Q

What is the Gluteus Maximus nerve supply?

A

-NS: inferior gluteal nerve

43
Q

What is the Iliotibial Band distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • Attaches at the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia and to the femur via the lateral intermuscular septum
  • The common distal attachment / insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae
44
Q

What is the Iliotibial Band function?

A

-Stabilises the lateral aspect of the extended knee

45
Q

What is the Gluteus Medius distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: external surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
  • D: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
46
Q

What is the Gluteus Medius action?

A

-Action: hip extension, abduction, rotation, keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg

47
Q

What is the Gluteus Medius nerve supply?

A

-NS: superior gluteal nerve

48
Q

What is the extensor of the hip?

A

-Gluteus Minimums

49
Q

What is the Gluteus Minimums distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • D: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
50
Q

What is the Gluteus Minimums action?

A

-Action: hip abductor and medial rot.

51
Q

What is the Gluteus Minimums nerve supply?

A

-NS: superior gluteal nerve

52
Q

When walking what is the role of the hip abductors?

A

-Prevent drop of the contralateral hip
-Damage to the superior gluteal nerve causes drop of the contralateral hip during single leg stance
=Trendelenburg sign

53
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • Lateral Rotators
  • Piriformis
  • Superior Gemellus
  • Obturator Internus
  • Inferior Gemellus
  • Guadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus
54
Q

What is the Lateral Rotators funtion?

A
  • Stabilise the femoral head in the acetabulum

- The sixth lateral rotator is obturator externus

55
Q

What is the Piriformis distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: anterior surface of sacrum

- D: superior border of greater trochanter of femur

56
Q

What is the Piriformis action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation

57
Q

What is the Piriformis nerve supply?

A

-NS: branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

o Sciatic nerve passes under, over or through piriformis

58
Q

What is the Superior Gemellus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: ischial spine

- D: trochanteric fossa of femur

59
Q

What is the Superior Gemellus action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation

60
Q

What is the Superior Gemellus nerve supply?

A

-NS: nerve to obturator internus

61
Q

What is the Obturator Internus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
62
Q

What is the Obturator Internus action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation

63
Q

What is the Obturator Internus nerve supply?

A

-NS: nerve to obturator internus

64
Q

What is the Inferior Gemellus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: ischial tuberosity

- D: trochanteric fossa of femur

65
Q

What is the Inferior Gemellus action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation

66
Q

What is the Inferior Gemellus nerve supply?

A

-NS: nerve to quadratus femoris

67
Q

What is the Quadratus Femoris distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: lateral border of ischial tuberosity

- D: quadrate tubercle

68
Q

What is the Quadratus Femoris action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation

69
Q

What is the Quadratus Femoris nerve supply?

A

-NS: nerve to quadratus femoris

70
Q

What is the Obturator Externus distal and proximal attachments?

A
  • P: external margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
71
Q

What is the Obturator Externus action?

A

-Action: hip lateral rotation and stabilise hip

72
Q

What is the Obturator Externus nerve supply

A

-NS: obturator nerve

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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