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Functional Anatomy > Week Three > Flashcards

Week Three Flashcards

1
Q

What is the knee joint?

A

Femorotibial & Femorpatellar joints within 1 joint capsule

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2
Q

What is the knee alignment called?

A

Knee Alignment: Q-Angle

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3
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A

Q-Angle is decreased and the knee is everted

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4
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Q-Angle is increased and the knee is inverted

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5
Q

What do the knee joints allow?

A

-Allows flexion‐extension but also rotation (2 degrees of freedom

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6
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint guided and limited by?

A

-The movements of the knee joint are guided and limited by the cruciate ligaments and the menisci of the knee (intra‐articular structures)

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7
Q

What do the flexion-extension movements incorporate?

A

-The flexion‐extension movements incorporate rolling, gliding and axial rotation particularly when the knee is flexed.

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8
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

-The anterior cruciate ligament functions to limit anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur (or posterior rolling of the femoral condyles and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia)

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9
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

-The posterior cruciate ligament functions to limit posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur (or anterior rolling of the femoral condyles and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia)

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10
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

-The menisci function to deepen the articulation, absorb shock and migrate to accommodate rolling and rotation of the femoral condyles

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11
Q

What are the knee joint ligaments and the meniscus?

A
  • Anterior cruciate ligament
  • Posterior cruciate ligament
  • Medial meniscus
  • Lateral meniscus
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12
Q

What are the attachments of the Anterior cruciate ligament?

A 
P= posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
D= anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
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13
Q

What are the attachments of the Posterior cruciate ligament?

A 
P= anterior part of the medial surface of the medial femoral condyle
D= posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
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14
Q

What are the attachments of the Medial meniscus?

A 
P= poster intercondylar area anterior to PCL
D= anterior intercondylar area of tiba anterior to ACL
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15
Q

What are the attachments of the Lateral meniscus?

A 
P= intercondylar fossa anterior to the mental meniscus
D= intercondylar fossa lateral to ACL
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16
Q

What is the lateral aspect of the knee stabilised by?

A

-The lateral aspect of the knee is stabilised by the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament assisted by the iliotibial tract

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17
Q

What is the medial aspect of the knee stabilised by?

A

-The medial aspect of the knee is stabilised by the tibial (medial) collateral ligament assisted by the pes anserinus

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18
Q

What is the anterior aspect of the knee stabilised by?

A

-The anterior aspect of the knee is stabilised by the patellar tendon/ligament

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19
Q

What is the posterior aspect of the knee stabilised by?

A

-The posterior aspect of the knee is stabilised by the oblique popliteal and arcuate popliteal ligaments

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20
Q

What is the joint capsule of the knee strengthened by?

A

Extracapsular ligaments

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21
Q

What are the Extracapsular ligaments?

A
  • Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
  • Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
  • Patella tendon/ligament
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22
Q

What are the attachments of the Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament?

A 
P= lateral surface of fibular head
D= lateral epicondyle of femur
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23
Q

What are the attachments of the Tibial (medial) collateral ligament?

A 
P= superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
D= medial epicondyle of femur
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24
Q

What are the attachments of the Patella tendon/ligament?

A 
P= tibial tuberosity
D= apex of the patella
25
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Articularis Genu
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
26
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

-Contains the femoral artery, vein and nerve

27
Q

What is the action of the Articularis Genu?

A

Action: pulls capsule up in extension of knee

28
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Sartorius?

A
  • P: anterior superior iliac spine

- D: anterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

29
Q

What is the action and function of Sartorius?

A

Action & Function: synergist for hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion (medial rotation with knee flexed)

30
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Sartorius?

A

NS: femoral nerve

31
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Rectus femoris?

A
  • P: anterior inferior iliac spine

- D: quadriceps tendon ‐ patella ‐ patellar tendon ‐ tibial tuberosity

32
Q

What is the action of the Rectus femoris?

A

Action: hip flexion and knee extension

33
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Rectus femoris?

A

NS: femoral nerve

34
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Vastus medialis?

A
  • P: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linear aspera of femur
  • D: quadriceps tendon ‐ patella ‐ patellar tendon ‐ tibial tuberosity
35
Q

What is the action of the Vastus medialis?

A

Action: knee extension

36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Vastus medialis?

A

NS: femoral nerve

37
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Vastus lateralis?

A
  • P: greater trochanter and lateral lip of linear apera

- D: quadriceps tendon ‐ patella ‐ patellar tendon ‐ tibial tuberosity

38
Q

What is the action of the Vastus lateralis?

A

Action: knee extension

39
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Vastus lateralis?

A

NS: femoral nerve

40
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Vastus intermedius?

A
  • P: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

- D: quadriceps tendon ‐ patella ‐ patellar tendon ‐ tibial tuberosity

41
Q

What is the action of the Vastus intermedius?

A

Action: knee extension

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Vastus intermedius?

A

NS: femoral nerve

43
Q

What are the extensors of the knee prime movers?

A
  1. RECTUS FEMORIS Femoral nerve
  2. VASTUS LATERALIS Femoral nerve
  3. VASTUS MEDIALIS Femoral nerve
  4. VASTUS INTERMEDIUS Femoral nerve
44
Q

What are the extensors of the knee synergists?

A
  1. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Superior gluteal nerve
45
Q

What are the hamstrings innervated by?

A
  • The hamstrings are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
  • The short head of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
46
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the biceps femoris long and short head?

A

-Proximal
o Long Head: medial upper quadrant of ischial tuberosity
o Short Head: linear aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
-Distal: lateral side of head of fibula

47
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

Action: hip extension and knee flexion and lateral rotation

48
Q

What is the nerve supply of the biceps femoris?

A

NS: tibial and common fibular divisions of sciatic nerve

49
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the semitendinosus?

A
  • P: medial inferior quadrant of ischial tuberosity

- D: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

50
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

Action: hip extension and knee flexion and medial rotation

51
Q

What is the nerve supply of the semitendinosus?

A

NS: tibial division of sciatic nerve

52
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the semimembranosus?

A
  • P: upper lateral quadrant of ischial tuberosity

- D: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

53
Q

What is the action of the semimembranosus?

A

Action: hip extension and knee flexion

54
Q

What is the nerve supply of the semimembranosus?

A

NS: tibial division of sciatic nerve

55
Q

What is the Pes Anserius insertion and function?

A
  • The common insertion of gracilis, sartorius and semitendinous
  • Functions to stabilise the medial aspect of the extended knee
56
Q

What is the closed kinetic of locking of the knee?

A

Closed Kinetic

  • Last few degrees of extension
  • Medial rotation of the femur on tibia
  • Closed packed screwed home
57
Q

What is the open kinetic of locking of the knee?

A

Open Kinetic

  • Last few degrees of extension
  • Lateral rotation of tibia on femur
58
Q

What is the closed kinetic of unlocking of the knee?

A

Closed Kinetic

  • First few degrees of flexion
  • Lateral rotation of femur on tibia
  • Unlocked
59
Q

What is the open kinetic of unlocking of the knee?

A

Open Kinetic

  • First few degrees of flexion
  • Medial rotation of tibia on femur

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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