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Functional Anatomy > Week Four > Flashcards

Week Four Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle and what does it promote?

A
  • Ankle or Talocrural joint hinge synovial joint

- Promotes stability and mobility

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2
Q

What are the posterior lower muscles of the leg?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
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3
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the medial and lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

A

-Proximal
o Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
o Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
-Distal: calcaneal tendon – posterior surface of calcaneus

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4
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

A

Action: knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply to the gastrocnemius?

A

NS: tibial nerve

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6
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the soleus?

A
  • P: posterior aspect of head of fibula, soleal line, and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
  • D: calcaneal tendon – posterior surface of calcaneus
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7
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

Action: ankle plantarflexion

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8
Q

What is the nerve supply to the soleus?

A

NS: tibial nerve

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9
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the plantaris?

A
  • P: Lateral supracondylar line of femur

- D: calcaneal tendon – posterior surface of calcaneus

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10
Q

What is the action of the plantaris?

A

Action: weak plantar flexor

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11
Q

What is the nerve supply to the plantaris?

A

NS: tibial nerve

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12
Q

What are the posterior deep lower leg muscles?

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
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13
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the Popliteus?

A
  • P: lateral surface of lateral condyles of femur

- D: posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

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14
Q

What is the action of the Popliteus?

A

Action: “unlocks knee”

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Popliteus?

A

NS: tibial nerve

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16
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the Tibialis posterior?

A
  • P: interosseous membrane (IOM), posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula
  • D: tuberosity of navicular and across the plantar surface of the foot to the base of 2nd‐4th metatarsals
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17
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis posterior?

A

Action: ankle plantarflexion and inversion

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Tibialis posterior?

A

NS: tibial nerve

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19
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • P: medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
  • D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
20
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Action: flexion of lateral 4 digits and ankle plantarflexion

21
Q

What is the nerve supply to the flexor digitorum longus?

A

NS: tibial nerve

22
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • P: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior IOM
  • D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux
23
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Action: flexion of hallux, weak ankle plantarflexion

24
Q

What is the nerve supply to the flexor hallucis longus?

A

NS: tibial nerve

25
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis tertius
26
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • P: lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane (IOM)
  • D: medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
27
Q

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

A

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and inversion

28
Q

What is the nerve supply to thetibialis anterior?

A

NS: deep fibular nerve

29
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • P: lateral condyle of tibia, superior surface of fibula and IOM
  • D: dorsum of middle and distal phalanges 2‐5
30
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and extension of digits 2‐5

31
Q

What is the nerve supply to the extensor digitorum longus?

A

NS: deep fibular nerve

32
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • P: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and IOM

- D: dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux

33
Q

What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Action: ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the extensor hallucis longus?

A

NS: deep fibular nerve

35
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

Pulley System

  • Superior band
  • Inferior band
36
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus

- Fibularis brevis

37
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the Fibularis longus?

A
  • P: head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

- D: plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

38
Q

What is the action of the Fibularis longus?

A

Action: ankle eversion and plantarflexion

39
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Fibularis longus?

A

NS: superficial fibular nerve

40
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the Fibularis brevis?

A
  • P: inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

- D: lateral surface of base of 5th metatarsal

41
Q

What is the action of the Fibularis brevis?

A

Action: ankle eversion and plantarflexion

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Fibularis brevis?

A

NS: superficial fibular nerve

43
Q

What joint is the Talocalcaneal navicular joint and Talocalcaneal joint?

A
  • Talocalcaneal navicular joint: ball & socket

- Talocalcaneal joint: plane synovial

44
Q

What is the role of the Talocalcaneal navicular joint and Talocalcaneal joint?

A

-They are discrete joints, but they function together and never separate:
o Inversion & Eversion of the foot

45
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the foot?

A

-The primary function of the muscles of the foot is to maintain the arches of the foot

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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