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Functional Anatomy > Week Five > Flashcards

Week Five Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the shoulder gridle/pectorial gridle?

A
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
  • Manubrium
  • Sternum
  • Humerus
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2
Q

What are the bones in the shoulder gridle good for?

A

Great mobility at the expense of instability

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3
Q

What are the joints in the shoulder gridle, what type of joint are they and describe where they are?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular (SC) joint: saddle
  2. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint: plane
  3. Glenohumeral (GH) joint: ball & socket
  4. “Scapulothoracic (ST) joint”: physiological
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4
Q

What is the function of the Acromioclavicular joint?

A

Function: keep relationship of clavicle & scapula in elevation of UL

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5
Q

What are the stabilisers of the Glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Static stabilisers: Capsule Ligaments Glenoid labarum

- Dynamic stabilisers: Rotator cuff muscles

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6
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior Axio-Appendicular?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavius
  • Serratus anterior
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7
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the pectoralis major (clavicular head and sternal head)?

A

-Proximal:
Clavicular head: medial ½ of clavicle
Sternal head: anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages

-Distal: lateral lip intertubercular sulcus humerus

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8
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Action: ADD & IR humerus
o Clavicular: flexes humerus
o Sternal: extends humerus from flexed

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pectoralis major?

A

NS: lateral & medial pectoral

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10
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Pectoralis minor?

A
  • P: anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages
  • D: coracoid process
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11
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Action: draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against thorax; stabilise scapula

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Pectoralis minor?

A

NS: medial pectoral

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13
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Subclavius?

A
  • P: costal cartilaginous joint 1st rib

- D: inferior surface mid 1/3 clavicle

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14
Q

What is the action of the Subclavius?

A

Function: stabilises clavicle into SCJ

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Subclavius?

A

NS: nerve to subclavius

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16
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Serratus anterior?

A
  • P: External lateral surface ribs 1-8

- D: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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17
Q

What is the action of the Serratus anterior?

A

Action: protract and upwardly rotate scapula; stabilise scapula against thoracic wall

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Serratus anterior?

A

NS: Long thoracic

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Axio-Appendicular?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids minor
  • Rhomboid major
  • Latissimus dorsi
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20
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the trapezius?

A
  • P: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7 – T12
  • D: spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 clavicle
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21
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Action: moves scapula

  • Descending (Superior): elevation & upward rotation
  • Middle: retraction
  • Ascending (Inferior): depression & upward rotation
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22
Q

What is the nerve supply of the trapezius?

A

NS: Accessory

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23
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • P: spinous processes T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), inferior 3-4 ribs, iliac crest
  • D: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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24
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Action: ADD, EXT, IR of GHJ

  • Directly moves arm on GHJ
  • Indirectly moves scapula on STJ
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25
Q

What is the nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi?

A

NS: Thoracodorsal

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26
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

A
  • P: transverse processes C1-4

- D: superior angle, medial border, base (root) of spine of scapula

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27
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Action: elevate scapula, side flexion of neck, control scapula in UL movements

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28
Q

What is the nerve supply of the levator scapulae?

A

NS: 3rd & 4th cervical, dorsal scapular

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29
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Rhomboid minor

A
  • P: spinous processes C7-T1, nuchal ligament

- D: medial border on the base of the spine of scapula

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30
Q

What is the action of the Rhomboid minor?

A

Action: retract & rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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31
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Rhomboid minor?

A

NS: Dorsal scapular

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32
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Rhomboid major?

A
  • P: spinous processes T2-5

- D: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

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33
Q

What is the action of the Rhomboid major?

A

Action: retract & rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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34
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Rhomboid major?

A

NS: Dorsal scapular

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35
Q

What are the Scapulohumeral muscles?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major
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36
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the deltoid?

A
  • P: lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior), acromion (middle), scapula spine (posterior)
  • D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
37
Q

What is the action of the deltoid?

A

Action: ABD (strong), FL, EXT GHJ Function: shunt muscle

38
Q

What is the nerve supply of the deltoid?

A

NS: Axillary

-The muscles of the arm and deltoid regions act together to resist of downward dislocation (SHUNT MUSCLES)

39
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Supraspinatus?

A
  • P: supraspinous fossa

- D: greater tubercle of humerus (superior)

40
Q

What is the action of the Supraspinatus?

A

Action: initiates & assists ABD in GHJ

41
Q

What is the function of the Supraspinatus?

A

Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Supraspinatus?

A

NS: Suprascapular

43
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Infraspinatus?

A
  • P: infraspinous fossa

- D: greater tubercle of humerus (middle)

44
Q

What is the action of the Infraspinatus?

A

Action: external rotation of GHJ

45
Q

What is the function of the Infraspinatus?

A

Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa

46
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Infraspinatus?

A

NS: Suprascapular

47
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Teres minor?

A
  • P: middle part lateral border scapula

- D: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior)

48
Q

What is the action of the Teres minor?

A

Action: external rotation of GHJ

49
Q

What is the function of the Teres minor?

A

Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa

50
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Teres minor?

A

NS: Axillary

51
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Subscapularis?

A
  • P: subscapular fossa

- D: lesser tubercle of humerus

52
Q

What is the action of the Subscapularis?

A

Action: medial rotation of GHJ

53
Q

What is the function of the Subscapularis?

A

Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa

54
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Subscapularis?

A

NS: upper and lower subscapular

55
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Teres major?

A
  • P: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

- D: medial lip intertubercular sulcus of humerus

56
Q

What is the action of the Teres major?

A

Action: ADD & medial rotation of GHJ

57
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Teres major?

A

NS: Lower subscapular (C5-6)

58
Q

What are the dynamic stabilisers of the rotator cuff?

A
  • Subscapularis and infraspinatus assisted by supraspinatus and teres minor tense the articular capsule to STABILISE THE HUMERAL HEAD IN THE GLENOID FOSSA
  • Balance deltoid forces
59
Q

What do the Pectoralis major and deltoid flex?

A

-Flex the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

60
Q

What does the deltoid extend?

A

-Deltoid extends the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres major, latissimus dorsi and the long head of triceps brachii

61
Q

What do the -Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major and the long head of triceps brachii act from?

A

-A flexed position to the coronal plane

62
Q

What does the deltoid abduct?

A
  • Abducts the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of supraspinatus
  • Scapula movement is important in abduction of the glenohumeral joint
63
Q

What do the Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi adduct and in what position?

A
  • The glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres major and the long head of triceps brachii
  • In an erect position and without resistance GRAVITY is the prime mover
64
Q

What does the Subscapularis

rotate?

A
  • Medially rotates the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major
  • The synergists become the prime moves when the arm is elevated
65
Q

What does Infraspinatus the rotate?

A
  • Laterally rotates the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres minor and deltoid
  • The synergists become the prime moves when the arm is elevated
66
Q

What does the serratus anterior protract?

A

-Protracts the scapula assisted by Pectoralis major & Pectoralis minor

67
Q

What does the Middle Trapezius retract?

A

-Retracts the scapula assisted by Rhomboids & Latissimus dorsi

68
Q

What does the Descending Trapezius & Inferior Serratus anterior upwardly rotate?

A

-Upwardly rotate the scapula assisted by Ascending Trapezius

69
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi downwardly rotate?

A

-Rotates the scapula assisted by Gravity, Levator scapula, Rhomboids, Pectoralis minor & Pectoralis major

70
Q

What does the descending trapezius elevate?

A

-Elevates the scapula assisted by Levator scapulae and Rhomboids

71
Q

Name the bones of the arm and elbow joint

A
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
72
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint

A

-Synovial hinge joint

73
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior arm?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Coracobrachilis
  • Brachialis
74
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

Proximal:
-Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
-Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Distal: radial tuberosity

75
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Action: forearm supination and elbow flexion; shoulder flexion

76
Q

What is the nerve supply of the biceps brachii?

A

NS: musculocutaneous

77
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the brachialis?

A
  • P: anterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus

- D: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

78
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Action: elbow flexion

79
Q

What is the nerve supply of the brachialis?

A

NS: musculocutaneous and radial

80
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A
  • P: coracoid process of scapula

- D: middle 1/3 medial surface of humerus

81
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Action: shoulder flexion and adduction

82
Q

What is the nerve supply of the coracobrachialis?

A

NS: musculocutaneous

83
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior arm?

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Anconeous

84
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the triceps brachii (lateral, medial and long head)?

A

Proximal:
-Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
-Lateral head: posterior humerus superior to radial groove
-Medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
Distal: olecranon process of ulna

85
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

Action: elbow extension

86
Q

What is the nerve supply of the triceps brachii?

A

NS: radial

87
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the anconaeus?

A
  • P: lateral epicondyle of humerus

- D: olecranon process and superior posterior surface of ulna

88
Q

What is the action of the anconaeus?

A

Action: elbow extension; dynamic stabiliser of elbow

89
Q

What is the nerve supply of the anconaeus?

A

NS: radial

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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