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Week Five Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the shoulder gridle/pectorial gridle?

A
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
  • Manubrium
  • Sternum
  • Humerus
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2
Q

What are the bones in the shoulder gridle good for?

A

Great mobility at the expense of instability

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3
Q

What are the joints in the shoulder gridle, what type of joint are they and describe where they are?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular (SC) joint: saddle
  2. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint: plane
  3. Glenohumeral (GH) joint: ball & socket
  4. “Scapulothoracic (ST) joint”: physiological
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4
Q

What is the function of the Acromioclavicular joint?

A

Function: keep relationship of clavicle & scapula in elevation of UL

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5
Q

What are the stabilisers of the Glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Static stabilisers: Capsule Ligaments Glenoid labarum

- Dynamic stabilisers: Rotator cuff muscles

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6
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior Axio-Appendicular?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavius
  • Serratus anterior
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7
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the pectoralis major (clavicular head and sternal head)?

A

-Proximal:
Clavicular head: medial ½ of clavicle
Sternal head: anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages

-Distal: lateral lip intertubercular sulcus humerus

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8
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Action: ADD & IR humerus
o Clavicular: flexes humerus
o Sternal: extends humerus from flexed

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pectoralis major?

A

NS: lateral & medial pectoral

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10
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Pectoralis minor?

A
  • P: anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages
  • D: coracoid process
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11
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Action: draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against thorax; stabilise scapula

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Pectoralis minor?

A

NS: medial pectoral

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13
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Subclavius?

A
  • P: costal cartilaginous joint 1st rib

- D: inferior surface mid 1/3 clavicle

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14
Q

What is the action of the Subclavius?

A

Function: stabilises clavicle into SCJ

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Subclavius?

A

NS: nerve to subclavius

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16
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Serratus anterior?

A
  • P: External lateral surface ribs 1-8

- D: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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17
Q

What is the action of the Serratus anterior?

A

Action: protract and upwardly rotate scapula; stabilise scapula against thoracic wall

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Serratus anterior?

A

NS: Long thoracic

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Axio-Appendicular?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids minor
  • Rhomboid major
  • Latissimus dorsi
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20
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the trapezius?

A
  • P: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7 – T12
  • D: spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 clavicle
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21
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Action: moves scapula

  • Descending (Superior): elevation & upward rotation
  • Middle: retraction
  • Ascending (Inferior): depression & upward rotation
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22
Q

What is the nerve supply of the trapezius?

A

NS: Accessory

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23
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • P: spinous processes T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), inferior 3-4 ribs, iliac crest
  • D: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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24
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Action: ADD, EXT, IR of GHJ

  • Directly moves arm on GHJ
  • Indirectly moves scapula on STJ
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25
What is the nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi?
NS: Thoracodorsal
26
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the levator scapulae?
- P: transverse processes C1-4 | - D: superior angle, medial border, base (root) of spine of scapula
27
What is the action of the levator scapulae?
Action: elevate scapula, side flexion of neck, control scapula in UL movements
28
What is the nerve supply of the levator scapulae?
NS: 3rd & 4th cervical, dorsal scapular
29
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Rhomboid minor
- P: spinous processes C7-T1, nuchal ligament | - D: medial border on the base of the spine of scapula
30
What is the action of the Rhomboid minor?
Action: retract & rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
31
What is the nerve supply of the Rhomboid minor?
NS: Dorsal scapular
32
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Rhomboid major?
- P: spinous processes T2-5 | - D: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
33
What is the action of the Rhomboid major?
Action: retract & rotate scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
34
What is the nerve supply of the Rhomboid major?
NS: Dorsal scapular
35
What are the Scapulohumeral muscles?
- Deltoid - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis - Teres major
36
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the deltoid?
- P: lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior), acromion (middle), scapula spine (posterior) - D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
37
What is the action of the deltoid?
Action: ABD (strong), FL, EXT GHJ Function: shunt muscle
38
What is the nerve supply of the deltoid?
NS: Axillary | -The muscles of the arm and deltoid regions act together to resist of downward dislocation (SHUNT MUSCLES)
39
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Supraspinatus?
- P: supraspinous fossa | - D: greater tubercle of humerus (superior)
40
What is the action of the Supraspinatus?
Action: initiates & assists ABD in GHJ
41
What is the function of the Supraspinatus?
Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa
42
What is the nerve supply of the Supraspinatus?
NS: Suprascapular
43
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Infraspinatus?
- P: infraspinous fossa | - D: greater tubercle of humerus (middle)
44
What is the action of the Infraspinatus?
Action: external rotation of GHJ
45
What is the function of the Infraspinatus?
Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa
46
What is the nerve supply of the Infraspinatus?
NS: Suprascapular
47
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Teres minor?
- P: middle part lateral border scapula | - D: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior)
48
What is the action of the Teres minor?
Action: external rotation of GHJ
49
What is the function of the Teres minor?
Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa
50
What is the nerve supply of the Teres minor?
NS: Axillary
51
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Subscapularis?
- P: subscapular fossa | - D: lesser tubercle of humerus
52
What is the action of the Subscapularis?
Action: medial rotation of GHJ
53
What is the function of the Subscapularis?
Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa
54
What is the nerve supply of the Subscapularis?
NS: upper and lower subscapular
55
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the Teres major?
- P: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula | - D: medial lip intertubercular sulcus of humerus
56
What is the action of the Teres major?
Action: ADD & medial rotation of GHJ
57
What is the nerve supply of the Teres major?
NS: Lower subscapular (C5-6)
58
What are the dynamic stabilisers of the rotator cuff?
- Subscapularis and infraspinatus assisted by supraspinatus and teres minor tense the articular capsule to STABILISE THE HUMERAL HEAD IN THE GLENOID FOSSA - Balance deltoid forces
59
What do the Pectoralis major and deltoid flex?
-Flex the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of coracobrachialis and biceps brachii
60
What does the deltoid extend?
-Deltoid extends the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres major, latissimus dorsi and the long head of triceps brachii
61
What do the -Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major and the long head of triceps brachii act from?
-A flexed position to the coronal plane
62
What does the deltoid abduct?
- Abducts the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of supraspinatus - Scapula movement is important in abduction of the glenohumeral joint
63
What do the Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi adduct and in what position?
- The glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres major and the long head of triceps brachii - In an erect position and without resistance GRAVITY is the prime mover
64
What does the Subscapularis | rotate?
- Medially rotates the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major - The synergists become the prime moves when the arm is elevated
65
What does Infraspinatus the rotate?
- Laterally rotates the glenohumeral joint with the assistance of teres minor and deltoid - The synergists become the prime moves when the arm is elevated
66
What does the serratus anterior protract?
-Protracts the scapula assisted by Pectoralis major & Pectoralis minor
67
What does the Middle Trapezius retract?
-Retracts the scapula assisted by Rhomboids & Latissimus dorsi
68
What does the Descending Trapezius & Inferior Serratus anterior upwardly rotate?
-Upwardly rotate the scapula assisted by Ascending Trapezius
69
What does the latissimus dorsi downwardly rotate?
-Rotates the scapula assisted by Gravity, Levator scapula, Rhomboids, Pectoralis minor & Pectoralis major
70
What does the descending trapezius elevate?
-Elevates the scapula assisted by Levator scapulae and Rhomboids
71
Name the bones of the arm and elbow joint
- Scapula - Humerus - Ulna - Radius
72
What type of joint is the elbow joint
-Synovial hinge joint
73
What are the muscles of the Anterior arm?
- Biceps brachii - Coracobrachilis - Brachialis
74
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the biceps brachii?
Proximal: -Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula -Short head: coracoid process of scapula Distal: radial tuberosity
75
What is the action of the biceps brachii?
Action: forearm supination and elbow flexion; shoulder flexion
76
What is the nerve supply of the biceps brachii?
NS: musculocutaneous
77
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the brachialis?
- P: anterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus | - D: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
78
What is the action of the brachialis?
Action: elbow flexion
79
What is the nerve supply of the brachialis?
NS: musculocutaneous and radial
80
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?
- P: coracoid process of scapula | - D: middle 1/3 medial surface of humerus
81
What is the action of the coracobrachialis?
Action: shoulder flexion and adduction
82
What is the nerve supply of the coracobrachialis?
NS: musculocutaneous
83
What are the muscles of the posterior arm?
- Triceps brachii | - Anconeous
84
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the triceps brachii (lateral, medial and long head)?
Proximal: -Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula -Lateral head: posterior humerus superior to radial groove -Medial head: posterior humerus inferior to radial groove Distal: olecranon process of ulna
85
What is the action of the triceps brachii?
Action: elbow extension
86
What is the nerve supply of the triceps brachii?
NS: radial
87
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the anconaeus?
- P: lateral epicondyle of humerus | - D: olecranon process and superior posterior surface of ulna
88
What is the action of the anconaeus?
Action: elbow extension; dynamic stabiliser of elbow
89
What is the nerve supply of the anconaeus?
NS: radial

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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