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Medical Assisting > WEEK TWELVE > Flashcards

WEEK TWELVE Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

electrical activity of the heart

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3
Q

Holter Monitoring

A

records the electrical activity of the heart continuously over 24 hours or longer
- fainting and detect arrhythmias

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4
Q

Stress Testing

A

assess a patent’s blood and oxygen flow

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5
Q

Heart Rate

A

time the heart beats per minute
(60-110 bpm)

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6
Q

Heart rhythm

A

synchronized pumping action of the four heart chambers

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7
Q

Sinus Rhythm

A

an orderly contraction of the atria and ventricles

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8
Q

Upper heart chambers

A

atria

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9
Q

AV node

A

gatekeeper between atria and ventricle

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10
Q

lower heart chambers

A

ventricles

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11
Q

Heartbeat process

A
  • SA node sends out an electrical impulse
  • the upper chambers contract
  • AV node sends an impulse into the ventricles
  • the lower heart chambers contract or pump
  • SA node sends another signal to the atria to contract to start again
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12
Q

12 lead

A

10 electrodes on body, records activity from 12 angles; monitor 12 leads at once

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13
Q

3 lead

A

monitors 3 lead at once

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14
Q

single channel

A

one lead at a time

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15
Q

horizontal axis

A

time (0.04 secs)

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16
Q

vertical axis

A

gain or amplitude (0.1 millivolts)

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17
Q

common paper speed

A

25mm per send

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18
Q

normal set for gain or amplitude

A

10mm/mv

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19
Q

speed that slows EKG

A

50mm/sec; waves bunched together due to tachycardia become more clearly visible due to waveform spacing

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20
Q

amplitude set for necessary for large waveforms that exceed the height of the paper

A

10mm/mv

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21
Q

ECG tracings begin or ends with

A

calibration maker (upside down u shape)

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22
Q

universal standard calibration measures

A

5mm wide by 10mm tall represents the standard settings of a 25mm per second paper speed

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23
Q

V1

A

4th intercostal space, right of the sternum

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24
Q

V2

A

4th intercostal, left of sternum directly across from V1

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25
Q

V3

A

midway between V2 and V4

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26
Q

V4

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicular

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27
Q

V5

A

5th intercostal space, between V4 and V6, at the anterior axillary line

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28
Q

V6

A

5th intercostal space, at the midaxillary line

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29
Q

chest leads acronym

A

Read Your Good Books On a Picnic

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30
Q

RA

A

white

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31
Q

RL

A

green

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32
Q

LA

A

black

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33
Q

LL

A

red

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34
Q

Lead I

A

R arm to L arm

35
Q

Lead II

A

R arm to L leg

36
Q

Leg III

A

L leg to L arm

37
Q

Right leg

A

ground

38
Q

Augmented leads aVR

A

right arm

39
Q

Augmented leads aVL

A

left arm

40
Q

Augmented leads aVF

A

left leg

41
Q

isoelectric (baseline)

A

flat, no current flowing

42
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization/contract

43
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

44
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization/ relaxation

45
Q

U wave

A

not always visible
repolarization/relaxation of the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

46
Q

PR interval

A

starts at the beginning of the p wave, ends at the beginning of the Q wave

beginning of AD to beginning of VD

47
Q

QT interval

A

Starts at the beginning of the Q wave, ends at the end of the T wave

beginning of VD to end of VR

48
Q

ST segment

A

starts at the beginning of the S wave, ends at the beginning of the T wave

VD to beginning of VR

49
Q

Bipolar Leads

A

ECG leads I II III

50
Q

a wave that is not always seen or identified on a normal EKG tracing

A

U wave

51
Q

wave that represent ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

52
Q

ratio of applied leads to recored leads for a standard EKG machine

A

10:12

53
Q

atherosclerosis

A

clogged arteries

54
Q

ambulatory

A

patient walking around

55
Q

telemetry

A

cardiac rhythm is continually transmitted live to a monitoring station

56
Q

Spirometry

A

measures breathing capacity

57
Q

Spirometer

A

machine that measure the air taken in and expelled from the lungs

58
Q

forced vital capacity

A

the greatest volume of air that can be expelled when a person performed rapid, forced expiration

59
Q

preparation for spirometry

A
  • wear loose clothing
  • no large meals 2 hours before
  • no smoking 1 hour before
  • discontinue inhalers at least 6 prior
60
Q

peak flow meter

A

test to monitor lung function for patients with chronic respiratory diseases(asthma)

61
Q

forced expiratory volume

A

volume of airflow out of the lungs
(physician determines peak flow zones)

62
Q

green zone

A

good control

63
Q

yellow zone

A

large airways are beginning to narrow

64
Q

red zone

A

medical emergency

65
Q

pulse oximetry

A

measurement of the oxygen saturation in blood

66
Q

pulse reading 95% or higher

A

normal

67
Q

reading less then 95%

A

low blood oxygen

68
Q

artifacts

A

abnormal findings due to:
improper technique
poor conduction
outside interference

69
Q

AC interference

A

uniform spikes at the baseline
- cause by electrical devices on or near the patient

70
Q

Somatic Tremor

A

erratic spikes at the baseline
- caused by: shivering patients, patients with Parkinsonism& tremor

71
Q

wandering baseline/loose electrode

A

caused by: poor skin preparation, hair

72
Q

interrupted baseline

A

demonstrated by a tracing that is not continuous
cause by: disconnected or broken lead wire

73
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A
  • P waves are upward and QRS is narrow
  • regular rhythm
  • rate 60-100
74
Q

1500 method

A

count the number of small boxes between R waves, then divide 1500 by the number
(for regular rhythms)

75
Q

6 second method

A
  • beginning at the first P or R wave start counting 30 large squares
  • count the number of P or R waves
  • take the number and multiply it by 10
    (used for irregular rhythms)
76
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

normal ECG tracing with heart rate less than 60 bpm
- originates from SA node
- far distance between QRS complexes

77
Q

Sinus Arrest

A
  • SA node stops firing, causing a pause in electrical activity
  • during the pause, atrial and ventricular contractions do not occur
  • not significant unless last longer than 6 seconds
78
Q

Atrial flutter

A

“saw tooth’ baseline
- no true P waves(flutter waves)
- atria contacts faster than ventricles

79
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A
  • no organized contraction of the atria
  • atria are in “quivering state”
  • blood clots can form due to stagnation of blood in the ventricles
  • no clear P waves,, irregular rhythm, narrow QRS
80
Q

Asystole

A

heart has stopped and patient is unresponsive (code blue)

81
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

unstable; notify provider

82
Q

Ventricular Rhythms

A
  • assess the QRS complex
  • notice the changes in the form
  • no p waves
  • QRS is wideAZ
83
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A
  • unorganized electrical activity
  • no QRS = no heartbeat
  • notify provider immediately (code blue)

Medical Assisting (11 decks)

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