WEEK TEN Flashcards
Pharmacology
the study of medications; how they act on the body their classifications, and properties
Natural products
- plants (aspirin, digitalis)
- animals (hormones - thyroid, insulin, heparin)
- minerals (ferrous sulfate, iron)
- bacteria and fungi (antibiotics)
- synthetic
Pharmacokinetics
the study of how medications move through the body
Absorption
the body coverts medication into a form the body can use; moves in bloodstream
Distribution
transportation of medication throughout the body and bloodstream to tissue and organs
blood-brain barrier protects the brain from dangerous chemicals
Metabolism
changes active forms into metabolites for excretion; liver is primary for metabolism
Excretion
removal of medications from the body
KIDNEYS- urine feces saliva sweat glands breast milk
Acute therapy
improve a life-threatening or serious condition
(nitroglycerin)
Maintenance therapy
a drug is prescribed to maintain a condition of health
(cholesterol-lowering drugs)
Palliative therapy
prescribed to reduce the severity of a condition or its accompanying pain
(does not treat or cure the disease)
Prophylactic therapy
prevent disease or condition
(antibiotics before surgery)
Replacement therapy
prescribed to provide chemicals otherwise missing in a patient
(hormones/insulin)
Supplemental therapy
drug or nutrients are prescribed to avoid deficiency
Generic drug name
under the brand name
(ibuprofen)
Chemical drug name
scientific name
(RS)-2(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
Trade drug name
brand name
(Motrin)- always capitalize
Analgesics
relieves mild to severe pain
(acetaminophen)
Anti-inflammatory
reduce inflammation
(ibuprofen, naproxen)
Antibiotic
treats bacterial infections
(amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin)
Anticoagulants
delay blood clotting
(warfarin, heparin)
Antidepressant
relieves depression
(doxepin, fluoxetine)
Antiemetic
reduces nausea, vomiting
(metoclopramide)
Antifungal
kills fungi
(fluconazole, nystatin)
Antimigraine
relieves migraines
(topiramate)
Antihistamine
relieves allergies
(loratadine)
Antihypertensive
lowers blood pressure
(lisinopril)
Antilipemic
lower cholesterol
(atorvastatin)
Antipyretics
reduces fever
(ibuprofen)
Antitussive (expectorant)
control cough, eliminates mucus
(dextromethorphan)
Antivirals
kills viruses
(acyclovir, interferon)
Antacids
neutralize stomach acid
(omeprazole)
Anticholinergics
reduce bronchospasm
(ipratropium)
Anticonvulsants
control seizures
(clonazepam)
Antidiarrhea
reduces diarrhea
(bismuth)
Anti-osteoporosis
improve bone density
(alendronate)
Antipsychotic
controls psychotic symptoms
(quetiapine)
Antispasmodic
prevent muscle spams
(cyclobenzaprine)
Anti anxiety
reduce anxiety
(clonazepam)
central nervous system stimulants
reduce hyperactivity
(methylphenidate)
Contraceptives
prevent pregnancy
(medroxyprogesterone)
Bronchodilators
relaxes airway
(albuterol)
Decongestants
relieves nasal congestion
(pseudoephedrine)
Diuretics
eliminate excess fluid
(furosemide)
Hormone replacement
hormone deficiencies
(levothyroxine)
Hypoglycemics
reduce blood sugar
(metformin)
sedatives/hypnotic
induce sleep/relaxation
(zolpidem)
classification of albuterol
bronchodilator
classification of amlodipine besylate
calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive
classification of amoxicillin
antibiotic
classification of aripiprazole
antipsychotic
classification of atorvastatin
antilipemic, statin
classification of azithromycin
antiobiotic
classification of celecoxib
anti inflammatory
classification of cephalexin
antiobiotic
classification of ciproflaxacin
antibiotic
classification of clopidogrel
antiplatelet
Schedule I
no approved medical use
(heroin, LSD)
Schedule II
high potential for abuse
(morphine, hydrocodone)
- handwritten rx- no refills
Schedule III
moderate to low potential
(anabolic steroid, testosterone)
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months
Schedule IV
low potential for abuse
(diazepam, zolpidem)
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone
Schedule V
contain limited quantities of narcotics
(antidiatthea, antitussive, analgesic)
- refilled up to 5 times in 6 months, authorized by phone
drug references
- online sources
(drugs.com, pdr.net) - books
(physician’s desk reference) - phone apps
- drugs inserts
allergic drug reaction
rashes, throat swelling, facial swelling, itching
non-allergic reactions
vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea
most common contraindication
sensitivity or allergic reaction to a drug
when writing prescription, write ___ for trade name
DAW (dispense as written)
Common routes fall into two categories:
enteral (through GI tract)
parenteral (outside GI tract)
Intramuscular route
injection in the muscle
90 degree angle
- used for medication, pain medication, immunizations
- ranges from 1 to 3 inches
- Gauge: ranges from 20G to 23G
- deltoid, ventrogluteal, thigh pediatric(vastus lateralis
Subcutaneous route
- injection under the dermis (fatty tissue)
- 45 degree angle
- used for allergy injection/insulin/immunization
- needle size: ranges from 1/2 to 5/8 inch
- gauge: ranges from 25G to 26G
- outer part of arm, abdominal area, upper thigh
Intradermal route
- into the dermis
- 10-15 degree angle
- used for tuberculin/allergy testing/mantoux (PPD) test
- 27G or 28G; 3/8
- 0.01 to 0.05 mL
- forearm (small bubble)
Intravenous (IV) route
in a vein
25 degree angle
Document for injection
Route
Site
Medication
Manufacturer
Dose
Expiration date of medication
Lot number of medication
Adverse effects
Measurement Systems
Apothecary
Household
Metric(most common)
15 drops (gtt)
1mL
1 tsp
5mL
1tbsp
15mL
1 cup
240mL
1 pint
480mL
1 quart
960mL
1 gallon
3,830 mL
2.2 pounds
1 kilogram
38 C
100.4 F
