WEEK FIVE Flashcards
vas deferens
- organ that connects the epididymis to the urethra
- carries sperm cells to urethra
Urethra
- the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
-shorter in females
normal urine output per day
800 - 2,000 mL
organ that produce sperm and testosterone
testes
most common form of cancer in males over 40
prostate cancer
termination of the menstrual cycle due to normal aging of ovaries
menopause
female hormones
estrogen, progesterone, and estradiol
std caused by bacteria
syphilis
Nephrons
functional unit of the kidney
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward
Urea
main waste product excreted in urine, the breakdown of proteins
Incontinence
inability to control urination
Menstrual cycle
shedding of lining and bleeding
Menarche
first menstrual period
Heavy menstrual period
menorrhagia
Dysmenorrhea
Condition with severe menstrual camps that limit normal activities
ovulation
release of an egg from the ovary
production of an egg
oogenesis
Kidneys
- remove waste in the blood
- produce urine
- maintain homeostasis
ureters
- long pair of tubes carry urine from kidney to bladder
- urine is moved from the bladder by peristalsis to the bladder
Urinary Bladder
- small sac located in pelvic cavity
- responsible for storing urine
Pyelonephritis
UTI which extends up to the kidneys
kidney stones
renal calculi, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; can lead to failure
Polycystic kidney disease
cysts develop in the kidney which lead to failure
testes
- produce sperm and testosterone
- located inside the scrotum
Scrotum
- pouch of skin, houses the testes
Penis
- male sex organ
- moves semen and urine out of the body
Epididymis
- coiled tube
- where sperm cells mature
Seminal Vesicles
- sac-like organs secrete seminal fluid
- fluid stimulates muscles in female to aid in propelling sperm forward
Prostate gland
- located just below the bladder
- surrounds the top portion urethra
- contracts during ejaculation to move sperm forward
- secretes fluid that protects sperm within the vagina
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
Hydrocele
swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects surrounding a testicle
ovaries
- pair of oval-shaped organs
- produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone
Fallopian Tubes
pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus
Uterus
- receives fertilized egg
- uterine lining sloughs off causing menstruation
vagina
connects the uterus to the outside of body
Vulva
external portion of the vagina
Labia Majora
fold of skin that protect external female genitalia
Labia Minora
- folds of skin within labia major
- forms hood over clitoris
Clitoris
- sensitive tissue located anterior to the urethra
mammary glands
- secretion of milk
- secretion: nipple, areola, alveolar glands
Pap smears detects
cervical cancer
acute renal failure results in
poisons or alcohol abuse
form of contraception requires the male to withdraw before ejaculation
coitus interruptus
week 9 until delivery
fetal period
benign tumors that grow in the uterine wall
fibroids
organ that produces progesterone and estrogen
ovary
STI that causes genital warts and currently has no treatment
human papillomavirus (HPV)
Gonorrhea
bacterial infection which van lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Trichomoniasis
infection which produces a discharge with a “fishy odor”
Organs forming a pathway from mouth to anus
alimentary tract
small intestine
- absorption of nutrients
- divided into: Jejunum, Duodenum, Ileum
Fat soluble vitamin
K
water- soluble vitamin
C
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
Rugae
gastric folds
churning
mix substances
mastication
chewing
Pharynx
throat; passageway between oral and esophagus
Esophagus
tube connecting mouth to stomach
Stomach
receives food from esophagus; breakdown using gastric juices
- located in the upper left quadrant
Large Intestine
- colon
- responsible of absorption of nutrients
- feces is formed from solid waste
- divided into: cecum(connects to ileum, where appendix is located), ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
Liver
- produces bile needed to break down fats
- located right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Gallbladder
- stores bile
- connects to duodenum
Pancreas
- connects to duodenum
- produces enzymes that aid in digestion
Appendix
- thin tube joined to the large intestine
- young child: part of the immune system to help fight off disease
- serves as a reservoir for beneficial bacteria
Nutrients necessary food substances
carbs, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water
Carbs
- along with proteins and fats
- breaks into glucose
- main source of energy
Lipids
- fats cholesterol and triglycerides
- serve as structural components of cell membranes
- function as energy
proteins
- required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissue and organs
- need for tissue repair and growth
vitamins
- needed for normal growth and devlopement
- fat and water soluble
Minerals
- need for keeping bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly
- found in bones and teeth
Amniocentesis
procedure to look for chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus
D & C
widening the opening of the cervix and scraping the uterine lining
