Week Three Lecture Study Guide Flashcards
Know, in general, what each of the parts of the lymphatic pathway are.
A. Lymphatic Capillaries-Smallest of lymphatic vessels and the origin of lymph flow
B. Afferent Lymphatic Vessels-a major route into the lymph node
C. Lymph Nodes- a small bean shaped organ throughout the lymphatic system.
D. Efferent Lymphatic Vessels-How cells and lymphatic fluid leave the lymph node.
E. Lymphatic trunks-Superficial and deep lymphatics merge to form this larger lymphatic vessel known as the lymphatic trunk.
F. Collecting Ducts:
1) right lymphatic duct
-drain to the upper right side of the body.
-Empties into the right subclavian vein.
2) left lymphatic duct(thoracic duct)
-drain the rest of the body that the right lymphatic duct does not drain.
-Empties into the left subclavian vein.
Know the structure of a lymph node.
-Bean shaped
-Hilus
-Blood vessels
-Nerves
-Efferent lymphatic
vessels
-Enclosed in the dense
connective tissue capsule
-Extends into node and
subdivides node into
nodules.
-Cortex
-Outer region
-Contains densely packed
B cells called follicles
-Medulla
-Inner region
-Contains T-cells arranged
as medullary cords
What is lymphedema?
When the lymphatic system is damaged (blocked by cancer cells or destroyed by injury). Protein rich interstitial fluid accumulates within the tissue spaces.
What are lacteals?
Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines that are critical for transporting dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins to the bloodstream.
Know the functions of lymph.
Provides immunity through lymphocyte production and distribution and to help with our fluid balance in the cardi-vascular system.
What is an antigen? What is an antibody?
Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response. They combine with T-cell and B-cell surface receptors resulting in an immune response.
Antibodies are used to fight infection. Antibodies called immunoglobulins that consist of four chains of amino acids linked together. Regions at the end of chains react to the antigens.
Know what non-specific resistance is.
Innate (non-specific) immunity does not distinguish any specific threat. Responds to threats on an individual basis.
Know the difference between T-cells and B-cells.
T-cell: (responsible for cell mediated immunity). T-cells interact with antigens directly and attack foreign cells, viruses, cancer cells in the body.
B-cells are antibody mediated immunity.
B cells produce antibodies to give us immunity to antigens.
Compare cell mediated-immunity and antibody mediated immunity.
T-cells are cell-mediated immunity. T-cells interact with antigens directly and attack foreign cells, viruses, cancer cells in the body.
B-cells are antibody mediated immunity. B-cells produce antibodies to give us immunity to antigens.
Know the five classes of antibodies and give a brief description of each.
1)IgG
-Most Abundant
-Preduced against bacteria, viruses, and toxins
-Only antibody to cross the placenta (passive immunity)
2)IgA
-Found in exocrine fluids such as tears and saliva
-Levels decrease during stress.
3)IgM
-First antibodies to be secreted after initial antigen exposure
4)IgD
-Involved in B cell activation so they can produce more antibodies
5)IgE
-Located on eosinophils and basophils
-Involved in allergic reactions by releasing histamine
Give an example of each of the following types of immunity:
Active Immunity-Produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens. (Immune response)
Passive Immunity-Produced by transfer of antibodies from another person
A. Naturally acquired active immunity-Develop after exposure to antigens in an environment.(We develop our own antibodies: active immunity). flu virus going around and our bodies develop antibodies to the virus naturally.
B. Artificially (Induced) acquired active immunity-Develops after administration of antigen to prevent disease. (a flu vaccine with a dead virus in it.)
C. Artificially (induced) acquired passive immunity-Conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection. (Happens when receive injections of antibodies)
D. Naturally acquired passive immunity-Conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in breast milk.
Know the four major components of an inflammatory response.
Rubor-Redness
Tumor-Swelling
Calor-Heat
Dolor-Pain
What is anaphylaxis?
Severe, systematic allergic response that can cause death.
