Week One Lecture Study guide

Question 1

Describe negative feedback

Answer 1

Characterized by the inhibition of the further secretion of a hormone in response to adequate levels of that hormone.

Question 2

Describe the difference between exocrine and endocrine gland.

Answer 2

Endocrine gland secretes hormones directly into tissues, then picked up in the bloodstream.

Exocrine gland- secretes substances through a duct.

Question 3

Name the 4 types of intercellular communications

Answer 3

1. Synaptic Communication
   -Neurotransmitters-used to convey the nerve impulse from one neuron to another through the synaptic clept.
2. Direct Communication
   -Gap Junctions (cell with gap junctions causes direct communication between cells)

3.) Parachute Communication
-The use of chemical messengers to transfer information from one cell or a tissue to another in a single tissue.

-Local hormones (pancrine factors)
-prostaglandis and growth factors.

4. Endocrine Communication
   -The activity of hormones in coordinating cellular activities in tissues in distant parts of the body.

Question 4

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in regulating hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 4

The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that in targets and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete a hormone that will stimulate a particular endocrine gland or organ and then that endocrine gland will secrete its hormones or target cells.

Question 5

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 5

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action: growth of tissues

Question 6

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 6

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action-secrete thyroid releasing hormone

Question 7

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 7

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action-produce milk

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 8

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action- Secretes corticosteroids

Question 9

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 9

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action: males: testosterone secretion

          Females: ovulation

Question 10

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 10

Gland: anterior pituitary

Action: Males: Sperm production

          Females: ovulation

Question 11

Thyroxin (T4)/Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 11

Gland: thyroid

Action: regulates rate of metabolism

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

Gland: Adrenal Cortex

Action: reabsorption of water and Na (increases blood pressure)

Question 13

Cortisol

Answer 13

Gland: Adrenal Cortex

Action: rate of glucose metabolism

Question 14

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 14

Gland: posterior pituitary

Action: reabsorption of water (increased blood pressure)

Question 15

Oxytocin

Answer 15

Gland: posterior pituitary gland

Action: -contraction during labor
-stimulates milk secretion

Question 16

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 16

Gland: Parathyroids

Action: reabsorption of Ca++ into blood, bone reabsorption, diet Ca++ absorption (increases blood Ca++)

Question 17

Calcitonin

Answer 17

Gland: thyroid

Action: Secretion of Ca++ into urine, bone formation. Decreases blood calcium levels.

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Gland: B cells of pancreatic Islets

Action: Pushes glucose into cells from blood, glycogen formation, decreases blood glucose.

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Gland: a-cells of pancreatic islets

Action: Breakdown of glycogen (increase in blood glucose)

Question 20

Epinephrine/
Norepinephrine

Answer 20

Gland: adrenal medulla

Action: increases heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility

Question 21

Melatonin

Answer 21

Gland: pineal

Action: circadian rhythm, emotions/behavior

Question 22

Anterior Pituitary Gland & Hormones

Answer 22

1. Human Growth Hormones
2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
3. Adrenocorticotopic Hormone
4. Prolactin
5. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
6. Luteinizing Hormone

Question 23

Posterior Pituitary Gland & Its hormones

Answer 23

1) Anti-Diurectic Hormone
2) Oxytocin

Question 24

Thyroid Gland & Its Hormones

Answer 24

1) Thyroxine (T4)
2) Triiodothyronine (T3)
3) Calcitonin

Question 25

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 25

1) Parathyroid Hormone

Question 26

Adrenal Gland

Answer 26

1) Adrenal Medulla
a. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine

2)Adrenal cortex
a. Aldosterone
b. Cortisol

Question 27

Pancreas & Its Hormones

Answer 27

1. Insulin (B-cells of Pancreatic Islets)
2. Glucagon (A- cells of pancreatic Islets)

Question 28

Thymus Gland and Its Hormones

Answer 28

1. Thymosin

Question 29

Pineal Gland

Answer 29

1. Melatonin

Question 30

Ovaries

Answer 30

1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone

Question 31

Testes

Answer 31

Testosterone