Week 2 Lecture Study Guide

Question 1

Know the general characteristics of blood.

Answer 1

-Connective tissue with cells suspended in plasma
-slightly higher temperature than the rest of the body.
-Slightly Alkaline(ph 7.35-7.45)
-5-6 liters liters in males; 4-5 liters in females

Functions:
-substance transport
-Regulation of ph and electrolyte balance
-protections against toxins and pathogens
-stabilizing body temperature
-Homeostatsis
-Whole blood is a combination of cells, cell fragments, and plasma (we donate all of this to other people.
-study of blood and forming blood tissues is called hematology.
-Blood cells:
RBC-erythrocytes
-WBC-leukocytes
-Platelets-thrombocytes

Question 2

Know the characteristics of RBCs

Answer 2

-Biconcave disks (look like dumbbells)
-Large surface area-so that more hemoglobin can attach
-Stacking
-Bendable

_Contains hemoglobin (Hb or HgB)
-O2 and C02 transport
-Anemia-low hemoglobin content
-No nuclei (nucleus)
4-6 million per cc
-120 day lifespan
-Hypoxia-low oxygen level in tissues caused by either low hemoglobin or low blood flow(decrease in blood flow, you are bleeding or blood is blocked up.)

Question 3

Know the five types of WBC, their general function and which are granulocytes and which are a granulocytes.

Answer 3

Types of WBCs(leukocytes):
-Granulocytes:
1) Neutrophils-bacterial Phagocytosis
2)Eosoniphils-Destruction of antigen-antibody complex
3)Basophils-Histamine and heparin release

-Agranulocytes-No granulas present:
4) Monocytes-Phagocytosis
5)Lymphocytes-Immune response by direct attack of antibodies

-5,000-10,000 per cc

Question 4

What are platelets and how are they formed?

Answer 4

Platelets (thrombocytes) are fragments of megakaryocytes found in red bone marrow (as pieces of megakaryocytes break off they become platelets)

-the platelets formed the platelet plug during the damming process.

Question 5

The entity that give rise to all blood cells.

Answer 5

hemocytoblast stem cells.

Question 6

Know the four blood types, know which antigens and antibodies each type has present and know what Rh factor is.

Answer 6

Blood Type:
A-surface antigen A present-Anti-B antibodies present

B-surface antigen B present-Anti-A antibodies present

AB-surface antigen A & B present-Neither A or B antibodies present

O-no surface antigens A or B present-Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies present

Rh Factor:
1. Rh antigens present=Rh positive
2. Rh antigens absent=Rh negative

Question 7

Name the three formed elements in plasma

Answer 7

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

Question 8

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 8

A protein in RBCs which transports oxygen to body tissues.

Question 9

Know what erythropoietin is and describe its role in erythropoiesis.

Answer 9

Cells in the kidneys and liver produce the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC production.

Question 10

List and briefly describe the three stages of hemostasis.

Answer 10

Homeostasis-stoppage of bleeding

3 stages:
1)Vascular phase
-Vascular spasm and contraction-a blood vessel will spasm and contraction to stop the bleeding)
-chemical release

2)Platelet Phase
-Platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation
-Platelet plug formation-to form a dam to stop blood-not a blot clot)

3)Coagulation phase
-Presence of clotting factors
-Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

*Fibrin is natures band aid a scab has fibrin in it.