Week Six (Genomes and their Evolution) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where gene density differs

A

Gene density is higher in prokaryotes
More density density variability in eukaryotes (due to presence of introns)

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2
Q

Where genome size differs

A

Genome size more variable in eukaryotes

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3
Q

Where gene number differs

A

Different peaks (eukaryotic has bigger base)

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4
Q

Alu elements

A

10% of genome
May help regulate gene expression

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5
Q

LINE1 Transposons

A

17% of genome
May contribute to neuron development

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6
Q

Transposable elements impact on genome

A
  • Can create translocation by unequal crossing over (deletion and duplication)
  • Can disrupt/inactivate genes (no proteins produced)
  • Can increase/decrease gene expression
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7
Q

Types of repetitive DNA

A

Large segment duplication (one region to another)
Simple sequence DNA (repeats, further divided to short tandem repeats)

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8
Q

Where is simple sequence DNA found

A

Found near telomeres playing a structural role

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9
Q

Mechanisms of how gene structure can change

A

Translocation and fusion (lead to emergence of new species)
Nondisjunction (one set provides function while the other mutates)
Unequal crossing over (duplications and deletions)
DNA polymerase slip during replication (short tandem repeats)

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10
Q

How multigene families and new proteins can evolve

A

Same ancestrial gene expressed at different development stages
Duplications result in mutations
Exon shuffling, duplication and deletion leading to mutation

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11
Q
A
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