Week One Flashcards
What are aspects that make up a good theory?
Explains
Predicts
Increases understanding
Is testable
What are charertistics about biology and evolutionary theories and examples
They are biologically driven
- Genetics and epigenetics interact with the environment to shape health and wellbeing
- Genotype Vs phenotype
Patterns of inheritance
What is the theory of epigenetics
They regulate gene expression there is a 100 year effect what your grandma did effected you
What is the U shaped curve theory
Higher and lower birth rates had 3 or more chornic disease
What are psychoanalytic theories
Assert developmental change happens because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behaviour
What is Freud Psychosexual Theory and the three parts of personality
That behaviour is deterimend by conscious and unconscious process,
Id prmitive features that are driven by an unconscious need for pleasure present at birth
Ego- around 2 years reality principle reduces the conflic between Id and superego by defense mechansim
Superego- develops around the age of 5, its our internal morals that we learn from our same sex parent that punshies out ego for any wrong through ego
What are the 5 stages that a person has to go through according to Freud
Oral(0-2)- Infant achieves gratification through oral activities
(eating, thumb sucking)
Anal (2-3)- The child learns to respond to some demands of society (going to the washroom)
Phallic- realizes the difference between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality
Letency(7-11)- Continues there development but sexual urgers are quiet
Genital(11-Adult)- The growin adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with opposite sex
What is fixtation in realtivness with freuds theory
- You have to go through each stage by going through a conflict or you will get stuck in a stage
- Oral can be smoking or overeating
Anal- orderliness
Phallic- vanity
Latency cant really get stuck in this stage
Is this Freuds theory a “good theory”
Not really its not testiable
What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
It is development over the lifespan in psychosocial stages.
There are eight crises you must move through and successfully resolve eight dilemmas
What is different about Erikson’s theory to Freuds
He took more of a life span approach so it doesn’t just end at age 11 you have to go through one stage to the next and it is testable
What is stage one of Eriksons theory
Infancy
Trust vs Mistrust
Feeding/Comfort
Is my world safe
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability care and affection can lead to mistrust
What is stage two of Eriksons theory
Early childhood
2-3
Autonomy Vs shame and doubt
Toilet Training/ Dressing
Can I do things by myself or do need I to always rely on others
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence
Success leads to feeling autonomy failure resultsts in shame and doubt
What is stage three of Eriksons theory
Initiative Vs Guilt
Exploration/ Play
Am I good or bad?
Control and power over the environment,
What is stage 4 of Eriksons theory
School Age
Industry Vs Inferiority School/Activities
How can I be good?
What is stage 5 of Eriksons theory
Adolescence
12 to 18
Indentity Vs role confusion
Social relationships/ idenity
Who am I and where am I going?
What is stage 6 of Eriksons theory
19-40
Young Adult
Intimacy vs isolation
Intimate releationships
Am i loved or wanted?
What is stage 7 of Eriksons theory
Middle Adulthood
40-65
Generativity vs stagnation
Work and panterhood
Will I provide something of real value
What is stage 8 of Eriksons theory
Maturity
Ego identity vs despair
Reflection of live
Have I lived a full life?
What is Humanistic Alternative
Most important internal drive is to achieve ones ful potential self actualization is the ultimate goal in human life
Who created the humanistic alternative pyramid
Mazlo
What is the order of the mazlo pyramid
Start at the bottom to get to the top
Self actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness and love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs
What are learning theories and two examples
Focus on how experiences in the environment shape the child
Palvos classical
Skinners operant
What is Plavos theory
Classical conditioning
What it is you are exposed too
What is Skinner operant
extinction and shaping
Add pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
Add aversie stimulus to decrease behavior
Remove aversive stimulls to increase behavior
Remove pleasent stimulus to decrease behaviour
What are the 4 different cognitive theories
Piaget
Information processing
Vygotsky
Bandura
What is scheme
Something you already know hot to do brush your teeth
What is assimilation
Process of applying schemes to experinces getting ready to go on a run scheme can be used for getting ready to go to soccer
What is accommodation
Changing the scheme as a result of new information
Learns how to say a word proncuses it incorrecty gets feedback then changes the scheme of how to say that word
What is equilibration
Balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schemes that fir the enviornment
What are the four stages of Piaget theory
Sensorimotor (0-2)- Coordination of sense with motor responses
Preoperational- (2-7)- Symbolic thinking use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts
Concrete Operational (7-11)- Concepts attached to concrete situations time space but not as indpendent concepts
Formal Operational (11 years old and older)- Theoretical hypothetical and counterfactual thinking concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
What is the information processing theory and what is its flaws
Use the computer as a model of human thinking how info comes in and info out also how you store info, it is hard to test and complex theory that is hard to make simple
What is Vygotsky theory
It is a socio-cultural theory that forms of thinking have their origins in social interactions
What is scafolding
Guidance from an adult
What is proximal development
being ready to learn something
What is the Bandura theory
people learn through watching its a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories hard to test tho
What is a systems theory?
Personal and external factors form a dynmaic intergrated system
What is the Bronfenbrenner bioecological system theory
development in terms of the relationships between people and their enviornment
What are the different aspects of the bronfenbrenners ecological model
Microsystem- activities and interacation in immediate surroundings
Meosystem- relationships among the entities involved in the childs microsystem parents interacation with teachers
Exosystem- social institutions which affect children indirectily (parents work system)
Macrosystem- broader cultural values laws and govermental resources
Chronosystem- changes that occur in someones life like a war or a birth of sibling
True or false age of conception is getting higher in Canada
True
How much has the rate of twins and triplets increased by since 1990s
230%
What are different scientific ways to increase AMA
fertility drugs
cryopreservation- freezes the embryos created in IVF
artificial insemination- injects sperm directly into the woman’s uterus
What is Antenatal
conception to postpartum
What is prenatal
process that transforms a zygote into a newborn
How long is the first trimester
zygote implantation to12 weeks
How long is the second trimester
12-24 weeks start to feel the fetus moving
When is the third trimester
25+ weeks increased emotional attachment to the fetus
What is an ectopic pregrency
Where a fertlized egg implants itself outside the womb usally on a flapoian tube
Why is malnutrition a first trimester issue in canada
Acess to food and inflammation
Dietary restrictions
YOU THROW EVERYTHING UP
What are some issues in pregeancy
Increased blood presure
bleeding
premature labour
bladder infection (asymptomatic)
toxemia (blood posioning by toxins from a local bacteria infection you have to remove the baby)
At month 7 what can your baby do
open and close their eyes and wieghs around 4 pounds
could survive with special care
At month 8 what can your baby do
Bulding up body fat and weighs around 6 pounds
At month 9 what can your baby do
weighs 7 pounds and is about 18-20 inches
What are the age of viability stats
23- 17%
24-39%
25-50%
26-80%
28-31 90-95%
32-33 95%
34+ almost as likely as a full term
37 weeks is a full term baby
What are the three main issues in prenatal development
Genetic disorders
Chromosonal errors ( down syndrome)
Teratogens- maternal disease from achool or drugs etc
What is a low birth rate
5.5 oz
What is a very low birth rate
less than 3.9 oz
What is a extremely low birth rate
Less than 2.3
What is a neutral birth weight
5.8-8.13
What are some effects of preterm birth
Cerebral palsy
Cognitive impairment
visual and hearing impairment
poor health and growth
behavioral and social emotional problems
What are some effects of low birth rate
Mental and motor development but will lessen over time but the growth effects do not
What is gastentanional diabetes
Happens only when you are pregnant and will go away after but it can affect your babies health and people think it is not a big issue beacause the cure is “diet and excersie”
How many of people do a home birth
9% of first time moms plan a home birth and 21% of second time moms
Who does home births apply too
only offerd to women with no risk factors and spontaneous labors women have at least as good if not better outcomes than hospital births
Why might there be better outcomes for home births
Stress
Enviornment
Higher risk of infenction
No high risk deliverys
Bring all the equimpent a rural hospital would have
How many stages of labor
4
What is stage one of labor
Muscles of the uterus start to tighten and then relax these are contractions so that baby can pass through
What is stage two of labor
The cervix is dilated completely and the baby is born
What is stage three of labor
After the baby is born you have contractions until the palcenta is delivered
What is stage 4 of labor
first few hours after birth
What is fetal distress
sudden change in fetal heart rate
What is anoxia
oxygen deprevation can result in death or brain damange
How long are women supose to recover by
a month WHICH IS BS
