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Health Science 2700 > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are aspects that make up a good theory?

A

Explains
Predicts
Increases understanding
Is testable

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2
Q

What are charertistics about biology and evolutionary theories and examples

A

They are biologically driven
- Genetics and epigenetics interact with the environment to shape health and wellbeing
- Genotype Vs phenotype
Patterns of inheritance

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3
Q

What is the theory of epigenetics

A

They regulate gene expression there is a 100 year effect what your grandma did effected you

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4
Q

What is the U shaped curve theory

A

Higher and lower birth rates had 3 or more chornic disease

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5
Q

What are psychoanalytic theories

A

Assert developmental change happens because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behaviour

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6
Q

What is Freud Psychosexual Theory and the three parts of personality

A

That behaviour is deterimend by conscious and unconscious process,
Id prmitive features that are driven by an unconscious need for pleasure present at birth
Ego- around 2 years reality principle reduces the conflic between Id and superego by defense mechansim
Superego- develops around the age of 5, its our internal morals that we learn from our same sex parent that punshies out ego for any wrong through ego

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7
Q

What are the 5 stages that a person has to go through according to Freud

A

Oral(0-2)- Infant achieves gratification through oral activities
(eating, thumb sucking)
Anal (2-3)- The child learns to respond to some demands of society (going to the washroom)
Phallic- realizes the difference between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality
Letency(7-11)- Continues there development but sexual urgers are quiet
Genital(11-Adult)- The growin adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with opposite sex

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8
Q

What is fixtation in realtivness with freuds theory

A
  • You have to go through each stage by going through a conflict or you will get stuck in a stage
  • Oral can be smoking or overeating
    Anal- orderliness
    Phallic- vanity
    Latency cant really get stuck in this stage
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9
Q

Is this Freuds theory a “good theory”

A

Not really its not testiable

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10
Q

What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

A

It is development over the lifespan in psychosocial stages.
There are eight crises you must move through and successfully resolve eight dilemmas

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11
Q

What is different about Erikson’s theory to Freuds

A

He took more of a life span approach so it doesn’t just end at age 11 you have to go through one stage to the next and it is testable

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12
Q

What is stage one of Eriksons theory

A

Infancy
Trust vs Mistrust
Feeding/Comfort
Is my world safe
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability care and affection can lead to mistrust

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13
Q

What is stage two of Eriksons theory

A

Early childhood
2-3
Autonomy Vs shame and doubt
Toilet Training/ Dressing
Can I do things by myself or do need I to always rely on others
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence
Success leads to feeling autonomy failure resultsts in shame and doubt

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14
Q

What is stage three of Eriksons theory

A

Initiative Vs Guilt
Exploration/ Play
Am I good or bad?
Control and power over the environment,

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15
Q

What is stage 4 of Eriksons theory

A

School Age
Industry Vs Inferiority School/Activities
How can I be good?

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16
Q

What is stage 5 of Eriksons theory

A

Adolescence
12 to 18
Indentity Vs role confusion
Social relationships/ idenity
Who am I and where am I going?

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17
Q

What is stage 6 of Eriksons theory

A

19-40
Young Adult
Intimacy vs isolation
Intimate releationships
Am i loved or wanted?

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18
Q

What is stage 7 of Eriksons theory

A

Middle Adulthood
40-65
Generativity vs stagnation
Work and panterhood
Will I provide something of real value

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19
Q

What is stage 8 of Eriksons theory

A

Maturity
Ego identity vs despair
Reflection of live
Have I lived a full life?

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20
Q

What is Humanistic Alternative

A

Most important internal drive is to achieve ones ful potential self actualization is the ultimate goal in human life

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21
Q

Who created the humanistic alternative pyramid

A

Mazlo

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22
Q

What is the order of the mazlo pyramid

A

Start at the bottom to get to the top
Self actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness and love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs

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23
Q

What are learning theories and two examples

A

Focus on how experiences in the environment shape the child
Palvos classical
Skinners operant

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24
Q

What is Plavos theory

A

Classical conditioning
What it is you are exposed too

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25
Q

What is Skinner operant

A

extinction and shaping
Add pleasant stimulus to increase behavior
Add aversie stimulus to decrease behavior
Remove aversive stimulls to increase behavior
Remove pleasent stimulus to decrease behaviour

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26
Q

What are the 4 different cognitive theories

A

Piaget
Information processing
Vygotsky
Bandura

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27
Q

What is scheme

A

Something you already know hot to do brush your teeth

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28
Q

What is assimilation

A

Process of applying schemes to experinces getting ready to go on a run scheme can be used for getting ready to go to soccer

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29
Q

What is accommodation

A

Changing the scheme as a result of new information
Learns how to say a word proncuses it incorrecty gets feedback then changes the scheme of how to say that word

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30
Q

What is equilibration

A

Balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schemes that fir the enviornment

31
Q

What are the four stages of Piaget theory

A

Sensorimotor (0-2)- Coordination of sense with motor responses
Preoperational- (2-7)- Symbolic thinking use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts
Concrete Operational (7-11)- Concepts attached to concrete situations time space but not as indpendent concepts
Formal Operational (11 years old and older)- Theoretical hypothetical and counterfactual thinking concepts learned in one context can be applied to another

32
Q

What is the information processing theory and what is its flaws

A

Use the computer as a model of human thinking how info comes in and info out also how you store info, it is hard to test and complex theory that is hard to make simple

33
Q

What is Vygotsky theory

A

It is a socio-cultural theory that forms of thinking have their origins in social interactions

34
Q

What is scafolding

A

Guidance from an adult

35
Q

What is proximal development

A

being ready to learn something

36
Q

What is the Bandura theory

A

people learn through watching its a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories hard to test tho

37
Q

What is a systems theory?

A

Personal and external factors form a dynmaic intergrated system

38
Q

What is the Bronfenbrenner bioecological system theory

A

development in terms of the relationships between people and their enviornment

39
Q

What are the different aspects of the bronfenbrenners ecological model

A

Microsystem- activities and interacation in immediate surroundings
Meosystem- relationships among the entities involved in the childs microsystem parents interacation with teachers
Exosystem- social institutions which affect children indirectily (parents work system)
Macrosystem- broader cultural values laws and govermental resources
Chronosystem- changes that occur in someones life like a war or a birth of sibling

40
Q

True or false age of conception is getting higher in Canada

A

True

41
Q

How much has the rate of twins and triplets increased by since 1990s

A

230%

42
Q

What are different scientific ways to increase AMA

A

fertility drugs
cryopreservation- freezes the embryos created in IVF
artificial insemination- injects sperm directly into the woman’s uterus

43
Q

What is Antenatal

A

conception to postpartum

44
Q

What is prenatal

A

process that transforms a zygote into a newborn

45
Q

How long is the first trimester

A

zygote implantation to12 weeks

46
Q

How long is the second trimester

A

12-24 weeks start to feel the fetus moving

47
Q

When is the third trimester

A

25+ weeks increased emotional attachment to the fetus

48
Q

What is an ectopic pregrency

A

Where a fertlized egg implants itself outside the womb usally on a flapoian tube

49
Q

Why is malnutrition a first trimester issue in canada

A

Acess to food and inflammation
Dietary restrictions
YOU THROW EVERYTHING UP

50
Q

What are some issues in pregeancy

A

Increased blood presure
bleeding
premature labour
bladder infection (asymptomatic)
toxemia (blood posioning by toxins from a local bacteria infection you have to remove the baby)

51
Q

At month 7 what can your baby do

A

open and close their eyes and wieghs around 4 pounds
could survive with special care

52
Q

At month 8 what can your baby do

A

Bulding up body fat and weighs around 6 pounds

53
Q

At month 9 what can your baby do

A

weighs 7 pounds and is about 18-20 inches

54
Q

What are the age of viability stats

A

23- 17%
24-39%
25-50%
26-80%
28-31 90-95%
32-33 95%
34+ almost as likely as a full term
37 weeks is a full term baby

55
Q

What are the three main issues in prenatal development

A

Genetic disorders
Chromosonal errors ( down syndrome)
Teratogens- maternal disease from achool or drugs etc

56
Q

What is a low birth rate

A

5.5 oz

57
Q

What is a very low birth rate

A

less than 3.9 oz

58
Q

What is a extremely low birth rate

A

Less than 2.3

59
Q

What is a neutral birth weight

A

5.8-8.13

60
Q

What are some effects of preterm birth

A

Cerebral palsy
Cognitive impairment
visual and hearing impairment
poor health and growth
behavioral and social emotional problems

61
Q

What are some effects of low birth rate

A

Mental and motor development but will lessen over time but the growth effects do not

62
Q

What is gastentanional diabetes

A

Happens only when you are pregnant and will go away after but it can affect your babies health and people think it is not a big issue beacause the cure is “diet and excersie”

63
Q

How many of people do a home birth

A

9% of first time moms plan a home birth and 21% of second time moms

64
Q

Who does home births apply too

A

only offerd to women with no risk factors and spontaneous labors women have at least as good if not better outcomes than hospital births

65
Q

Why might there be better outcomes for home births

A

Stress
Enviornment
Higher risk of infenction
No high risk deliverys
Bring all the equimpent a rural hospital would have

66
Q

How many stages of labor

A

4

67
Q

What is stage one of labor

A

Muscles of the uterus start to tighten and then relax these are contractions so that baby can pass through

68
Q

What is stage two of labor

A

The cervix is dilated completely and the baby is born

69
Q

What is stage three of labor

A

After the baby is born you have contractions until the palcenta is delivered

70
Q

What is stage 4 of labor

A

first few hours after birth

71
Q

What is fetal distress

A

sudden change in fetal heart rate

72
Q

What is anoxia

A

oxygen deprevation can result in death or brain damange

73
Q

How long are women supose to recover by

A

a month WHICH IS BS

Health Science 2700 (7 decks)

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