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Health Science 2700 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is synaptogenesis?

A

Creation of synapses and is followed by a period of synaptic pruning to make the nervous system more efficient

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2
Q

What is neuroplasticity

A

The brains ability to reorganize neural pathways and connections

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3
Q

What is myelinization

A

Myelin gradually covers individual axons and electrically insulates them from one another improving conductivity

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4
Q

What are growth trajectories

A

You have an arch to your growth and it is consistent

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5
Q

How much do children gain each year in height and weight from when they are 2 to adolescence

A

5-8cm in heigh
2.7kg

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6
Q

What does motor have to do with growth?

A

Higher motor activity levels are better able to control or inhibit their behaviors allowing for successful task acheivment

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7
Q

What does it mean motor activity is linear

A

You cant walk before they stand

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8
Q

When does motor acitivity peak

A

7-9

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9
Q

How many kids from ages 2-5 are obese

A

22%

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10
Q

What is the difference between adaptive and primitive reflexes?

A

Adaptive reflexes may persist throughout life where primitive reflexes disappear by about 6 months of age

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11
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

A soft touch on the cheek causes the infant to turn towards the touch and open its mouth preapred to eat dissappear by about 3 months

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12
Q

What is the babinski reflex

A

stroking the sole of the foot causes it to fan out dissapears by 12 months can tell the development of the nervous system

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13
Q

What is the moro reflex

A

if there is a sudden noise or loss of support it will cause the infant to arch the back and throw the arms and legs out and then bring them back it is a safety thing or a clinging reflex disappears after 4-5 months

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14
Q

What is a neonate

A

0-28 days

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15
Q

How much do neonates sleep

A

80% of the time

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16
Q

How much sleep should a baby get by 6 weeks

A

Sleeping 14 hours a day

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17
Q

How much sleep should a baby get by 8 weeks

A

Sleep through the night

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18
Q

True or false: Prompt attention to crying in the first three months leads to less crying later

A

True

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19
Q

What is a basic cry signal

A

Rhythmic pattern and hunger

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20
Q

What is an angry cry sound like

A

Louder and more intense

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21
Q

What is a pain cry sound like

A

Very abrupt onset

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22
Q

What is the motor development at one month?

A

Locomotor- stepping reflex
non-locomotor- lifts head slightly and follow object with eyes
manipulative- holds opject in place in hand

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23
Q

What is the motor development at 2-3 months

A

non-locomotor lifts head up to 90 degrees when lying on stomach
manipulative-begins to swipe at object in sight

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24
Q

What is the motor development at 4-6 months?

A

locomotor- rolls over sits with suppose moves on hands and knees
non-locomotor- holds head erect while in sitting position
manipulative-reaches for and grasps objects

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25
Q

What is the motor development at 7-9 months

A

locomotor- sits without support, crawls
manipulative-transfer objects from one hand to the other

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26
Q

What is the motor development at 10-12 months

A

locomotor-pulls seld up and walks grasping furniture and then walks alone
non-locomotor- squats and stoops plays patty cake
manipulative- shows some signs of hand preference grasps a spoon but has poor aim when moving to mouth

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27
Q

What is the motor development at 13-18 months

A

locomotor- walks backwards sideways and runs
non-locomotor- rolls ball claps
manipulative- stacks two blocks and puts objects into small container and dumps them out

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28
Q

What is the development at 19-24 months?

A

locomotor- walks up and down stairs two feet per step
non-locomotor- jumps with both feet off ground
manipulative-uses spoon to feed seld stacks 4-10 blcok

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29
Q

Is motor universal

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is gross motor at 2-3 years

A

runs easily
climbs on furniture unaided
hauls and shoves big toys around obstavles

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31
Q

What is fine motor at 2-3 years?

A

Picks up small objects

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32
Q

True or false females are ahead in motor skills in infancy specifically manipulative

A

True

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33
Q

Are males more active

A

Yes

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34
Q

How long should breast feeding be done for

A

4-6 months untill 2 years of age

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35
Q

What are some benfits to breast feeding

A

less likely to suffer from common illnesses better immune functioning

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36
Q

Is mother-infant social interactions the same for formula fed babies and breast fed babies

A

yes

37
Q

What are some types of pain with breast feeding

A

milk duct gets blocked
mother feels like a failure internalized stress
resolves in 6-8 weeks

38
Q

Why does the public health not want to tell women about brestfeeding pain

A

Fear that it will stop them from doing it

39
Q

What do women base there decesion on breastfeeding on?

A

Value,culture,benfits,family if the know someone that did it

40
Q

What is vision like for babies

A

Very poor at first but develops rapidly

41
Q

Can newborns hear nearly as well as adults

A

Yes

42
Q

What is the best developed out of all the sense

A

Touch motion why they liked to be held

43
Q

What are perceptual skills of babies

A

looking- babies scan for dark light contrasts faces are not unique but pefere there mothers face
listening- one moth they can discriminate between single syllables at 6 month two syllable words and 3 months they recognize the sound regardless who says it

44
Q

Why do babies loose the abibilty to distinguish sound contrasts in any language by one year old

A

Synapatic pruning if you dont use it you loose it

45
Q

What does language look at like 2-3 month?

A

Cooing responds with smiles or cooing when spoken too

46
Q

What does language look like at 4-5 months?

A

Makes various vowel and consonant sounds with cooing

47
Q

What does language look like at 6 months?

A

Babbies utters phonemes of all languages

48
Q

What does language look like at 8-9 months?

A

Focuses on phoneme( distinct letter sounds) rhythm and intonation has receptive vocab of 20-30 words

49
Q

What does language look like at 12 months?

A

Expressive language emerges says single words

50
Q

What does language look like at 12-18 months?

A

Uses word gesture combination combined with variations in intonation

51
Q

What is a holophrase

A

Using a word and a gesture to form a thoguht

52
Q

What does language look like at 18-20 months?

A

Uses two word sentences- has expressive vocab of 100-200 words uses telegraphic speech

53
Q

What is fastmapping?

A

Vocab expands much faster uses real life situations to know the world lets play with the ball will know what a ball is now

54
Q

What is piagets sensorimotor?

A

Infants use information from their sense and motor actions to learn about the world

55
Q

When do infants have begenings of mental representation?

A

18-24 months

56
Q

How do infants experince sensorimoter at 0-1 month?

A

Reflexes

57
Q

How do infants experince sensorimoter at 1-4 months

A

Primary circular recations accommodation of basic schemes as baby practices them beginning of coordination of schemes from different senses hasnt linked body actions to results outside of the body

58
Q

How do infants experince sensorimoter at 4-8 months?

A

Secondary circular actions, becomes more aware of events outside of his own body imitation starts to understand object permanence

59
Q

How do infants experince sensorimoter at 8-12 months

A

Coordination of secondary schemes intentional means-end behaviour baby gets after what they are interested in and can combine two schemes

60
Q

How do infants experince sensorimoter at 12-18

A

Tertiary circular reactions experimentation begins infant tries new ways of playing with of manipulating objects
imaginary play

61
Q

How do infants experience sensorimotor at 18-24 months

A

Starts beginning of mental representaion uses symbols to represent object or events the child understand that a symbol is sepreate than an object

62
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

Mothers are sensitive to infants needs and and infants are less fussy and enjoy physical contact

63
Q

What is avoidant attachment?

A

Infant avoids contact with the parent and shows no preference for the parent over other people

64
Q

What is ambivalent attachment?

A

Little exploratory behaviour is greatly upset when separated from the parent and is not reassured by the parent’s return or comfort efforts

65
Q

What is disorganized/disoriented attachment?

A

Confused or apprehensive infant who shows contradictory behavior such as moving towards parent while looking away

66
Q

What are some attachment characteristics

A

Emotional responsiveness
Marital status/ SES
Mental health

67
Q

What are some consequences of attachment

A

more sociable more positivie behaviour less dependent on teachers less aggressive and disruptive more empathetic and emotionally mature in interactions in school and other settings outside the home

68
Q

What is constructive play

A

Age 2 children use objecst to construct things

69
Q

When does first pretend play occur

A

14-21 months explodes at 2 year

70
Q

When does substitute play occur

A

2 and 3 years old

71
Q

When does solitary play occur

A

all ages

72
Q

When does parallel play occur

A

14-18 months doing the same thing or in the same area but not together

73
Q

associative play

A

18 months playing together but different ideas and goals wont say the goal tho

74
Q

cooperative play occur

A

3-4 years playing together with the same goal

75
Q

What age does physical aggression peak

A

2 years old

76
Q

What is the ration of male to female physical aggression is consistent

A

5:1 17 and 29 months

77
Q

What are the 4 components of empathy

A

Preceptive taking
Staying out of judgment
Recognizing emotion
Communication

78
Q

What is prosocial behaviour

A

Behaviour intended to help another person between 2-3 years

79
Q

What stage are toddlers in for Erikson

A

Trust and mistrust

80
Q

What are the 3 categories of ACES

A

Abuse
Neglect
Household dysfunction

81
Q

What aces are in the abuse category

A

Physical
Emotional
Sexual

82
Q

What aces are neglect

A

Physical
Emotional

83
Q

What are household dysfunction?

A

Mental Illness
Incarcerated Relative
Mother treated violently
Substance abuse
Divorce

84
Q

How many women are abused

A

1 in 3

85
Q

How much is intimate partner violence

A

34%

86
Q

How many people experince emotional maltreatment

A

9%

87
Q

How many people experince physical abuse

A

20%

88
Q

How many people experience sexual abuse

A

3%

89
Q

What did the video tell us

A

If you are in a constant state of fight or flight so you are going to have high cortisol levels you will then have changes in your body and fundmental charges disrupt developing immune system or how dna is transcriped

Health Science 2700 (7 decks)

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