Week 2 Flashcards
What is synaptogenesis?
Creation of synapses and is followed by a period of synaptic pruning to make the nervous system more efficient
What is neuroplasticity
The brains ability to reorganize neural pathways and connections
What is myelinization
Myelin gradually covers individual axons and electrically insulates them from one another improving conductivity
What are growth trajectories
You have an arch to your growth and it is consistent
How much do children gain each year in height and weight from when they are 2 to adolescence
5-8cm in heigh
2.7kg
What does motor have to do with growth?
Higher motor activity levels are better able to control or inhibit their behaviors allowing for successful task acheivment
What does it mean motor activity is linear
You cant walk before they stand
When does motor acitivity peak
7-9
How many kids from ages 2-5 are obese
22%
What is the difference between adaptive and primitive reflexes?
Adaptive reflexes may persist throughout life where primitive reflexes disappear by about 6 months of age
What is the rooting reflex?
A soft touch on the cheek causes the infant to turn towards the touch and open its mouth preapred to eat dissappear by about 3 months
What is the babinski reflex
stroking the sole of the foot causes it to fan out dissapears by 12 months can tell the development of the nervous system
What is the moro reflex
if there is a sudden noise or loss of support it will cause the infant to arch the back and throw the arms and legs out and then bring them back it is a safety thing or a clinging reflex disappears after 4-5 months
What is a neonate
0-28 days
How much do neonates sleep
80% of the time
How much sleep should a baby get by 6 weeks
Sleeping 14 hours a day
How much sleep should a baby get by 8 weeks
Sleep through the night
True or false: Prompt attention to crying in the first three months leads to less crying later
True
What is a basic cry signal
Rhythmic pattern and hunger
What is an angry cry sound like
Louder and more intense
What is a pain cry sound like
Very abrupt onset
What is the motor development at one month?
Locomotor- stepping reflex
non-locomotor- lifts head slightly and follow object with eyes
manipulative- holds opject in place in hand
What is the motor development at 2-3 months
non-locomotor lifts head up to 90 degrees when lying on stomach
manipulative-begins to swipe at object in sight
What is the motor development at 4-6 months?
locomotor- rolls over sits with suppose moves on hands and knees
non-locomotor- holds head erect while in sitting position
manipulative-reaches for and grasps objects
What is the motor development at 7-9 months
locomotor- sits without support, crawls
manipulative-transfer objects from one hand to the other
What is the motor development at 10-12 months
locomotor-pulls seld up and walks grasping furniture and then walks alone
non-locomotor- squats and stoops plays patty cake
manipulative- shows some signs of hand preference grasps a spoon but has poor aim when moving to mouth
What is the motor development at 13-18 months
locomotor- walks backwards sideways and runs
non-locomotor- rolls ball claps
manipulative- stacks two blocks and puts objects into small container and dumps them out
What is the development at 19-24 months?
locomotor- walks up and down stairs two feet per step
non-locomotor- jumps with both feet off ground
manipulative-uses spoon to feed seld stacks 4-10 blcok
Is motor universal
Yes
What is gross motor at 2-3 years
runs easily
climbs on furniture unaided
hauls and shoves big toys around obstavles
What is fine motor at 2-3 years?
Picks up small objects
True or false females are ahead in motor skills in infancy specifically manipulative
True
Are males more active
Yes
How long should breast feeding be done for
4-6 months untill 2 years of age
What are some benfits to breast feeding
less likely to suffer from common illnesses better immune functioning
Is mother-infant social interactions the same for formula fed babies and breast fed babies
yes
What are some types of pain with breast feeding
milk duct gets blocked
mother feels like a failure internalized stress
resolves in 6-8 weeks
Why does the public health not want to tell women about brestfeeding pain
Fear that it will stop them from doing it
What do women base there decesion on breastfeeding on?
Value,culture,benfits,family if the know someone that did it
What is vision like for babies
Very poor at first but develops rapidly
Can newborns hear nearly as well as adults
Yes
What is the best developed out of all the sense
Touch motion why they liked to be held
What are perceptual skills of babies
looking- babies scan for dark light contrasts faces are not unique but pefere there mothers face
listening- one moth they can discriminate between single syllables at 6 month two syllable words and 3 months they recognize the sound regardless who says it
Why do babies loose the abibilty to distinguish sound contrasts in any language by one year old
Synapatic pruning if you dont use it you loose it
What does language look at like 2-3 month?
Cooing responds with smiles or cooing when spoken too
What does language look like at 4-5 months?
Makes various vowel and consonant sounds with cooing
What does language look like at 6 months?
Babbies utters phonemes of all languages
What does language look like at 8-9 months?
Focuses on phoneme( distinct letter sounds) rhythm and intonation has receptive vocab of 20-30 words
What does language look like at 12 months?
Expressive language emerges says single words
What does language look like at 12-18 months?
Uses word gesture combination combined with variations in intonation
What is a holophrase
Using a word and a gesture to form a thoguht
What does language look like at 18-20 months?
Uses two word sentences- has expressive vocab of 100-200 words uses telegraphic speech
What is fastmapping?
Vocab expands much faster uses real life situations to know the world lets play with the ball will know what a ball is now
What is piagets sensorimotor?
Infants use information from their sense and motor actions to learn about the world
When do infants have begenings of mental representation?
18-24 months
How do infants experince sensorimoter at 0-1 month?
Reflexes
How do infants experince sensorimoter at 1-4 months
Primary circular recations accommodation of basic schemes as baby practices them beginning of coordination of schemes from different senses hasnt linked body actions to results outside of the body
How do infants experince sensorimoter at 4-8 months?
Secondary circular actions, becomes more aware of events outside of his own body imitation starts to understand object permanence
How do infants experince sensorimoter at 8-12 months
Coordination of secondary schemes intentional means-end behaviour baby gets after what they are interested in and can combine two schemes
How do infants experince sensorimoter at 12-18
Tertiary circular reactions experimentation begins infant tries new ways of playing with of manipulating objects
imaginary play
How do infants experience sensorimotor at 18-24 months
Starts beginning of mental representaion uses symbols to represent object or events the child understand that a symbol is sepreate than an object
What is secure attachment?
Mothers are sensitive to infants needs and and infants are less fussy and enjoy physical contact
What is avoidant attachment?
Infant avoids contact with the parent and shows no preference for the parent over other people
What is ambivalent attachment?
Little exploratory behaviour is greatly upset when separated from the parent and is not reassured by the parent’s return or comfort efforts
What is disorganized/disoriented attachment?
Confused or apprehensive infant who shows contradictory behavior such as moving towards parent while looking away
What are some attachment characteristics
Emotional responsiveness
Marital status/ SES
Mental health
What are some consequences of attachment
more sociable more positivie behaviour less dependent on teachers less aggressive and disruptive more empathetic and emotionally mature in interactions in school and other settings outside the home
What is constructive play
Age 2 children use objecst to construct things
When does first pretend play occur
14-21 months explodes at 2 year
When does substitute play occur
2 and 3 years old
When does solitary play occur
all ages
When does parallel play occur
14-18 months doing the same thing or in the same area but not together
associative play
18 months playing together but different ideas and goals wont say the goal tho
cooperative play occur
3-4 years playing together with the same goal
What age does physical aggression peak
2 years old
What is the ration of male to female physical aggression is consistent
5:1 17 and 29 months
What are the 4 components of empathy
Preceptive taking
Staying out of judgment
Recognizing emotion
Communication
What is prosocial behaviour
Behaviour intended to help another person between 2-3 years
What stage are toddlers in for Erikson
Trust and mistrust
What are the 3 categories of ACES
Abuse
Neglect
Household dysfunction
What aces are in the abuse category
Physical
Emotional
Sexual
What aces are neglect
Physical
Emotional
What are household dysfunction?
Mental Illness
Incarcerated Relative
Mother treated violently
Substance abuse
Divorce
How many women are abused
1 in 3
How much is intimate partner violence
34%
How many people experince emotional maltreatment
9%
How many people experince physical abuse
20%
How many people experience sexual abuse
3%
What did the video tell us
If you are in a constant state of fight or flight so you are going to have high cortisol levels you will then have changes in your body and fundmental charges disrupt developing immune system or how dna is transcriped
