week 7 Flashcards
What are physical changes that happen at this age
Mostly in the reproductive system but other major changes occur as well
Do girls who develop earlier have more problems with self-esteem/ academics then their latter developing peers
No
What are some charactersitcs with boys who develop earlier have
The more posivite their body image the better they do in school and the less trouble they get into and the more friends they have
What has the rate of Canadian teen girls/ boys hvaing sex before 15 years since 1990
declined by 1/3 and sits at 9%
What are some characteristics of males who have sex early
Living in low SES neighborhoods with low parental involvement, have families who condone sexual activity have lax dating rules are more likely to use alchool and were abused or neglected in childhood
What is some charactersitics of females who have sex early
Experience earlier menarche, low interest in school, dated at an early age, have history of sexual abuse
What is a major contributor to adolescent sex
Alcohol
What does alcohol being a major contributor what does that call into question?r
Conset
True or false the greater the number of risk factors the greater the likelihood that they will be sexually active
True
True or false sexual activity is no predicted by moral beliefs about sex
False it is predictied by moral beliefs about sex
Postioning in families
education
abstience or not is only way its taught
Is sexual activity lower is those who are involved in sports/other activities
Yes correlation research parental involvement less time by themselves
HPV is associated with what percentage of cervical cancer
70%
When should health experts recomment nationwide HPV vaccines for females
9-45 along with pap test for cervical cancer
What age are HPV vaccines recommended for males
9 and 26 year olds
What does making condoms more readily available do
Does not increase the rate of sexual activity but it does increase the use of condoms by teenages who are radily sexually activity
Who belilevs that teaching kids about reproduction, birth control, STI, AIDS prevention, relationships, sexual orientation, sexual abuse and societal beliefs about sexual morals in vitally important and should be provided in schools
The large majority of Canadian parents sometimes we see or hear things in the news could just be the loud minority and not the slient majorty
When is the first major brain spurt and what is it
13-15 when the cerebral cortex becomes thicker and the neuronal pathways become more efficient
What is the healthiest period in life
Adolescnece
What is the invincibility complex or superhero
That bad things will not happen to them increased levels of sensation seeking which leads to recklessness which in turn leads to accidents/injuries
Has drug use among canadian youth increased or decreased since the 1970
decreased
What is the average age of first time drug use (including alchool)
13 to 14
Does the use of substances generally increases with age
yes
has smoking been declining or increasing since the 1970
Declining youth smoking rate is consistently lower than the general population
What is the most significant mental health challenge during adolescence
Eating disorders
What is bulima
An eating disorder characterized by bing eating and purging ( channels are glorifying eating disorder)
What is anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by self starvation
Who is at a higher risk for eating disorders
LGBTQ community who is unsure about their sexual orientation
Who has the highest rates of ED
Western societies also more likely to have negative body images
What stage are we at in piaget
Formal operational stage the fourth stage when adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts
What is systematic problem solving
The ability to search methodically for the answer to a problem
Do study habits improve
Yes how they learn you have learned about what works for you and thats because of information processing
What is hypothetico-deductive reasoning
The ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises
What is naive idealism
The mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world
What are two characteristics that separate adolescents from younger children
- Tendency to exaggerate others reactions to ones behaviour
- Tendency to base decisions on unrealistic ideas about the future
Embarssement is a big thing
What is information processing like at this age
14/15 meta cognitive and meta memory skills far exceed those of younger children
How does school have an effect on self-esteem
students show achievement and self eteem declines when transitioning to secondary school
What are task goals
Based on personal standards and the desire for competence
associated with a greater sense of personal control and positive attitudes about school
What are ability goals
Define success in competitive terms
Students may adopt relative standards-good means beating someone else
5th grade task goals but by 6th grade adolescents switch to ability goals
( being better than someone else)
What is personality like at this age
Teenagers acquire a sense of who they actually are as individuals
cultural plays an important role in the transition from child to adult
What stage are we at with freud
genital stage- period during which people reach psychosexual maturity
What stage are we at for erikson
identiy vs role confusion- the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are
What is an idenity crisis
psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when a sense of self becomes unglued so that new more mature sense of self can be achieved
What is self concept
Thinking becomes more abstract in adolescence thus teenagers self-concepts are a lot more complex than those of younger children
What is the trend of self-esteem
Overall rise in self-esteem through adolescence which continues through early childhood
What are factors that effect self-esteem
Personal characteristics
Relationships
Lifestyle
Factors and achievements
what is high SE
associated with positive development outcomes (resist peer pressure, achieve higher grades)
Lower SE is associated with poorer mental health
Physical health and suicidal thinking
What are the three types or reasoning in moral development in kohlberg
Preconventional reasoing
Concentional reasoning
Postconventional reasoning
What is pre-conventional reasoning
usally for children
judgments are based on sources of authority usally parents
Step 1- punishment and obedience orientation ( how do i avoid punshiment)
Stage 2- individualism instrumental purpose and exchange ( what is in it for me)
What is conventional reasoning
Society regards adolecenses usally
Judgments are based on rules or norms of group to which the individual belonds
Stage 3- mutal interpersonal expectations relationships and interpersonal conformity ( what do others think of me)
Stage 4- social system and conscience ( how can i mantain law an order)
What is post-conventional reasoning
Judgments are based on emergence of a personal authority
Stage 5- social contract orientation ( does a rule truly serve all members of scoeity)
Stage 6 the universal ethics principles orientation ( compassion what are the abstract ethical ideas solved through compansion)
What age groups are in moral development
Children usually reason in stages 1-2 and stages 2-3 are common in adolescences q
What are three types of adolescent egocentrism
- The imaginary audience (everyone is looking at me)
- The mythological fable ( the won’t ever happen to me)
- The personal fable ( nobody knows what its like to be me)
What are the three stages of moral development for women
Stage 1: Orientation toward individual survival (what is best for me)
Stage 2: goodness as self-sacrifice what do other people want
Stage 3: Morality of nonviolence( what do both friends want to do)
What are some characteristics of stage 1 of gilligan
What is best for self
Gradual transition from selfishness to responsibility which includes thinking about what would be best for others
A first grader may insist on playing only games of her own choosing when playing with a friend
What are some characteristics of stage 2
The initial view is that a woman must sacrifice her wishes for what others want. Gradual transition from goodness to truth which takes into account the needs of both self and others. She belileves that she must play the games her friend chooses even if she dosen’t like them
What are characteristics of stage 3
A moral equivalence is established between self and others. Hurting anyone- including ones self- is seen as immoral. The same girl may realize that both friends must enjoy their time together and looks for activities that both she and her friends can enjoy
What are differences between gilligan, erikson and kohlberg
Individual as interdependent vs sepreate
Relationships of attention and response vs reslationships as hierachial or contractual
Care vs independence as strength
Does increase in conflict with parents signify a major disruption in the quality of the parent-child relationship
No
Do the teenagers well-being/happiness is more strongly correlated with quality of attachment to parents than peers
yes
What parenting style is the best
authoritative more positive outcomes
Who does divorce be more diffcult for
girls
What do step parents result in
Less well adjusted teens
What is important with friendships
Shared activties and interests
Become more intimate
Loyalty and faithfulness become more valued
Adolescent friendships are more stable
What is the romantic relationships start to appear
11-12 year olds
What does short term look like
Peers
Commonalities with presenters
Models/Diagrams
Rationale
Respect
Age similar peers
What does long term learning look like
Role models
Mind the personal fable and imigarny audience
Test their own convictions
